Municipal budgetary educational institution

basic secondary school No. 53 in Bikin

Regional scientific and practical conference

"The world of my hobbies."

Research

MBOU secondary school No. 53

Supervisor:

« An apple a day – no need for a doctor" It is believed that the apple is a symbol of health and restoration of vitality. Let's take a look at the encyclopedic dictionary: “An apple is a juicy, usually multi-seeded, indehiscent plant fruit.” “Apple peel contains up to 30% wax, and the wax contains ursolic acid. This substance has an active biological effect, stimulates the heart, exhibits antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties.”

Of course, people did not know the exact data that the apple has beneficial properties, but many years of observations of how it has a beneficial effect on health formed the basis of folk wisdom.

"The apple never falls far from the tree" - this expression is known to us as allegory (allegory). For example, a daughter acts the same as her mother, has the same character traits, and behaves the same. This expression is based on bad and vicious deeds, obscene and disgusting behavior. This proverb is most often used by people as irony.

"There's nowhere for an apple to fall." This is what they say when there are a large number of people in a place, and as a result it becomes crowded. For example, about a transport filled with people, you can say: “There’s nowhere for an apple to fall here,” that is, it’s very crowded here.

A wonderful pouring apple from the distant kingdom, which is hidden not far and wide, but in my memory and soul, continues to illuminate me with its radiance, feed my imagination with life-giving juices and awaken irrepressible curiosity. That’s why I asked myself: “What does the image of an apple hide?”

3. The image of an apple in fairy tales

Who among us doesn't love fairy tales? Undoubtedly, they are liked not only by children, but also by adults, since they can find answers to many questions. In fairy tales we often recognize ourselves, we can see a lot from our real life and simply immerse ourselves in an amazing world full of miracles and magic.

Fairy tales are, one might say, a literary heritage for the youngest, for children. It is in them that the bright nature of the apple is reflected: immortality, health, beauty, wealth, but this is the kindest and best thing that is sown in the soul of a child from early childhood.

In the Italian fairy tale “The Apple and the Peel,” a childless nobleman had no children for a long time, but one day he met a wizard on the street:

“- Signor wizard, what should we do? We really want a son.

The wizard handed him an apple and said:

“Give this apple to your wife, and in exactly nine months she will give birth to a wonderful boy.” The prediction came true, and two boys appeared: “one belongs to the noble lady who ate the peeled apple, and the other belongs to the servant who ate the peel. The maid is as ruddy as an apple peel, and the lady is as pale as a peeled apple.” People of the upper class, allowing themselves only the best, did not know that all the nutrients are found in the skin of the apple. But simple peasants who plant apple trees with their own hands and collect the fruits from them in the fall, even without knowing their beneficial properties, still eat the apple with the peel, and therefore they themselves are healthy and rosy, and their children are born the same.

In the Georgian fairy tale “Ivan the Dawn,” the river brings apples as a gift to a childless family: “ As soon as she filled the jug to the top, she saw that the river was carrying three apples. She liked the apples, she reached for them, took them out and took them home. She gave one to her husband, ate the other herself, and shared the third equally with her husband.”. And then three sons were born to her.

Very often in fairy tales, an apple is not only a symbol of the beginning of life, but also of health and youth.

In Russian folk tales there is an interesting plot about rejuvenating apples: “The king was very old and his eyes were poor, but he heard that far away, in the thirtieth kingdom, there is a garden with rejuvenating apples and a well with living water...”(“The Tale of Rejuvenating Apples and Living Water”).

We also see rejuvenating apples, which help you look younger and get rid of illness, in other fairy tales. “(Solntseva’s sister) let him go home to visit and gave him a brush, a comb and two rejuvenating apples for the journey: no matter how old a person is, if he eats an apple, he will instantly become younger.”(Russian folk tale “The Witch and the Sun’s Sister”). “...As soon as she tasted these apples, she instantly recovered and jumped out of bed.”(German fairy tale “The Vulture Bird”). “The children took the eyeballs, brought them to their mother, put them on the eye sockets, and the mother received her sight.”(Georgian fairy tale “Five Brothers and a Sister”).

The story about the healing properties of apples is very popular in fairy tales.

But in the German fairy tale “The White Snake,” a golden apple from the tree of life also bestows love: “They divided the apple of life and ate it together: and her heart was filled with love for him, they lived in serene happiness until they were very old.”

The ability of an apple to evoke love is also reflected in the folk tradition of decorating brides with apple tree flowers.

We meet the ancient custom of throwing apples as a symbol and sign of love for each other in fairy tales of many peoples of the world. “The fool galloped and flew up the mountain. He threw the diamond apple into the princess's lap..."(Latvian fairy tale “The Princess on the Glass Mountain”). “The princess came out and threw a golden apple to the knights...”(German fairy tale "Iron Hans"). “The princess brought golden apples in a basket: “Whoever catches it will be the groom!” - she said"(French fairy tale “The Magic Whistle and the Golden Apples”).

In some fairy tales, the apple is not thrown, it must be snatched by force from the betrothed.

“Whoever rides to the top of Crystal Mountain three times on horseback and snatches the golden apple from the hands of the king’s daughter three times, the king gives her as his wife...”(Norwegian fairy tale “The Princess of Crystal Mountain”).

The apple tree and apples occupy a central place in many Russian fairy tales, where the apple is not thrown or pulled out, but is solemnly presented to the betrothed.

“I saw fresh apples in the garden and began to touch the girls: “Girls, beauties, the one of you who brings me an apple will marry me.”(Russian fairy tale “Kroshechka - Khavroshechka”).

And in the touching Russian fairy tale “Bezruchka”, the unfortunate heroine, having tasted the golden apple, became the bride of the owner.

An interesting detail is related to the gardens where golden apples grow. In myths, wonderful apple trees grow either at the edge of the earth or in the afterlife and belong to gods or supernatural beings (remember: “...at the edge of the world, along the banks of the Ocean River..., the garden is guarded by the dragon Ladon and the Hesperides..."). In fairy tales, apple trees are close to the human world and their owners are kings, who act as guardians of a magical, sacred tree. The kings themselves sometimes don’t even eat apples; it’s a symbol of wealth. “The king valued the apple tree as if it were his own eyes, and he did not pick the apples himself, nor did he give them to others.”(Georgian fairy tale “Pashkunji”). “In that garden there grew a tree on which there were golden apples. When the apples were ripe, they were counted..."(German fairy tale “The Golden Bird”).

And since wealth and prosperity are connected with the innermost dreams and aspirations of the people, the description of apples is always vivid and poetic: “But that apple tree was not an ordinary one: in the morning the leaves blossomed, at noon the branches were covered with color, every other day the fruits swelled, and they were so sweet, tasty and juicy that you could swallow your tongue.”(Moldavian fairy tale “Leisya, light, ahead, darkness, creep behind”).

That's why apples are often stolen. This motif is also popular in folk tales.

Most often, birds become mysterious apple thieves. “...He (the prince) sees that the Firebird has sat on the apple tree and is pecking at the golden apples.”(Russian fairy tale “Ivan Tsarevich and the Gray Wolf”). Sometimes monsters or snakes become apple thieves, as in the Romanian fairy tale “The Hero Pryslya and the Golden Apples.” Sometimes the birds that fly to the apple tree are enchanted princesses. And often one of them becomes the prince’s bride, leaving him an apple as collateral (Bulgarian fairy tale “Golden Apples and Nine Peahens”). Sometimes a feather lost from an apple tree by the Firebird opens up a world of amazing adventures, where the hero manages to get all the blessings of life: a horse, wealth, a beauty, etc. (Russian fairy tale “Ivan Tsarevich and the Gray Wolf”, German fairy tale “The Golden Bird” ").

Thus, the apple tree with golden fruits again acts as the tree of fate (the tree of life in myths), on which well-being, love, the birth of people, life, and perhaps punishment depend.

The image of the apple tree and its fruit as a fortune teller is also interesting in fairy tales. “An apple rolls on a saucer, a pouring one on a silver saucer, and on the saucer all the cities are visible one after another, ships on the seas and shelves in the fields...”(Russian fairy tale “The Tale of the Silver Saucer and the Pourable Apple”). This ability of the apple again recalls its connection with both the tree of knowledge and the tree of life.

An apple can lead to the right place: “His wife gave him an apple and said: “Roll this apple and follow him, it will lead you where you need to…”(Georgian fairy tale “Daughter of the Sun”); an apple can feed and cheer, as in the Ukrainian fairy tale “Ivan the Tsarevich and the Red Maiden”; it can become a magical talisman that revives a treasure (the Bulgarian fairy tale “Death to the Fates”).

But an apple and an apple tree can also bring trouble: grief, illness, death (in myths this is the apple of discord, the fruit of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil).

“Ivanushka picked an apple, and at that very moment horns grew on his head...”(Russian fairy tale “The Punished Princess”). “The boy took out an apple, gave it to him (the young man), he took a bite of it and immediately died...”(Georgian fairy tale “The Earth will take its toll”).

Thus, if we try to generalize the meanings that the apple tree and apples carry in fairy tales, we can distinguish two main ones:

Life and youth;

A dangerous temptation.

We highlighted these meanings in myths.

4. The image of an apple and an apple tree in literature

The image of an apple tree and an apple is also reflected in literary fairy tales, since its roots are in folklore and mythology.

For example, in “The Tale of the Dead Princess and the Seven Knights”:

And to the princess a liquid,

Young, golden

The apple is flying straight...

Full of ripe juice,

So fresh and so fragrant

So ruddy and golden

It’s like it’s filled with honey!

You can see the seeds right through...

How juicy and appetizing the insidious apple is described, which one so wants to try, which is what the gullible princess did - and died. Why did our favorite poet choose an apple to carry out the evil plans of his stepmother? Of course, Pushkin knew that the apple is a philosophical image, a symbol of temptation. The apple in his tale is traditionally folkloric, it is the fruit of the tree of knowledge.

The image of an apple is also found in creativity (“The Tale of Ivan Tsarevich and the Gray Wolf”):

...Sitting on an apple tree, the Firebird

I got down to business and picked it up

About a dozen apples...

The apple tree here again acts as a tree of fate, on which well-being and love depend.

You may notice that the apple is one of the “heroes” of literature. In Rus' this is the most common fruit. That is why he often acts not only as a “positive hero”, bringing good, benefit, symbolizing prosperity, health, but also as a “negative” hero, bringing evil, trouble, grief, illness and death.

An apple is a symbol of perfection (due to its round shape), beauty, and a divine gift. This is the most popular, democratic and beloved fruit in the world, and also incredibly healing. Hippocrates also prescribed apples against intestinal diseases, heart and kidney ailments. And in manuscripts discovered in Egyptian pyramids and tombs, their medicinal properties are praised.

All of the above shows that the popularity of the image of an apple in literature in Russia is not accidental.

5. Results of student survey

I conducted a survey among students of grades 5 “b”, 5 “a” and 9 “b” of our school. Questions were asked, the answers to which allowed me to draw the following conclusion: the children know quite well fairy tales in which the image of an apple appears.

Of the 66 respondents, 63 answered “yes”, and only 3 guys answered “no”.

To the second question, “Do you know Russian folk tales and works of art in which rejuvenating apples are found?”, 62 people answered “yes”, 4 people answered “no”.

To the third question, “What function do rejuvenating apples perform in fairy tales?” the guys answered as follows: rejuvenating apples bring youth and health to people; An old man, having eaten a rejuvenating apple, immediately becomes several years younger.

III. Conclusion

Having examined a small part of the history of the development of the image of an apple, we can conclude that this image is bright and ambiguous.

It is believed that the apple is a symbol of health, restoration of vitality and vigor. Therefore, on the basis of this useful property, all kinds of folk wisdom, beliefs, and proverbs arose.

This image is multifaceted, versatile, and every writer and poet understands it in his own way. This is good and evil. It's black and white. This image is eternal. And, perhaps, in the future more than one generation of poets will use it in their works.

Thus, in most myths and fairy tales, the apple has properties that were valued by people, therefore:

1) apple – a symbol of eternal youth and immortality (rejuvenating properties);

2) apple - the fruit of the tree of life, the tree of knowledge (influences the fate of heroes, a symbol of the beginning of life, a symbol of prosperity).

But it also happens like this:

1) apple – a symbol of temptation, the fall;

2) an apple portends danger;

3) an apple is the fruit of the tree of fate.

The study confirmed the hypothesis that the frequent occurrence of this image in myths, folk tales and even literary tales is not accidental. This symbol, rooted in the history of the people, is filled with the deepest philosophical and human meaning; it is a reflection of the worldview and culture of the people, their wisdom. It is no coincidence that the image of an apple is preserved in folk traditions and culture today.

The wonderful pouring apple from the distant kingdom, which is hidden not far and wide, but in our memory and soul, continues to give us life-giving juices that awaken imagination, curiosity... Well, that’s why it’s rejuvenating, that’s why it’s the fruit of the tree of knowledge...

Thus, if we try to generalize the meanings that the apple tree carries in the works of writers, and even earlier in fairy tales, then in the end two main ones will remain: life and youth.

IV.Bibliography

1. Scarlet flower. Fairy tales of Russian writers. – L.: Children's literature, 1989.

2. Bible. Books of the Holy Scriptures of the Old and New Testaments. – Barnaul: Day, 2002.

3. Brothers Grimm. Fairy tales. – Tashkent: Yulduzcha, 1987.

4. From the life of words. – M.: Children's literature, 1973.

6. Kun and the myths of Ancient Greece. – Simferopol: Renome, 1999.

7. Myths of the peoples of the world. Encyclopedia. In 2 volumes - M.: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1987.

8. Persian folk tales. – M.: Nauka, 1987.

9. Pushkin's works. T. 2. – M.: Pravda, 1963.

10. Russian folk tales. – M.: Assistance, 1994.

11. Russian folk tales in processing. – M.: Petrushka, 1993.

12. Svetlana’s legends. – M.: Children's literature, 1988.

13. Nightingale apples from the distant kingdom. Supplement to the magazine “Literature Lessons at School”, No. 5, 2001.

14. Fedosov dictionary of the Russian language. – Lipetsk: Yunves, 2004.

V. Application

Results of a survey of students from MBOU secondary school No. 53.

1 question: “Do you know the expression “rejuvenating apples”?”

Question 2: “Do you know Russian folk tales and works of art in which rejuvenating apples are found?”

Question 3: “What function do rejuvenating apples perform in fairy tales?”

Presentation on the topic: The symbol of the apple in fairy tales of the world and mythology

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Presentation on the topic: The symbol of the apple in fairy tales and mythology

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And to the princess the liquid, Young, golden, The apple flies straight……………………….. Full of ripe juice, So fresh and so fragrant, So ruddy-golden, As if filled with honey! You can see the seeds through… A.S. Pushkin Each of us remembers these wonderful lines from “The Tale of the Dead Princess and the Seven Knights.” How juicy and appetizing the insidious apple is described, which you so want to try, which is what the gullible princess did - and died. But why did our favorite poet choose an apple to carry out the treacherous plans of an envious stepmother?

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Mother Russia has been familiar with it since childhood; they crunch on an apple from summer to spring. Apple orchards are the most beloved - and needless to say - the most persistent in the “unkind” climate of Russia. It is no coincidence that in Russian folk tales it is on this tree that the firebird most often flies to peck at the golden apples; it is apples that restore health and youth, and sometimes in fairy tales, so many stories are connected with the apple tree and apples give immortality; It is precisely the apple tree and apples that evil forces strive to turn into in order to seduce gullible fairy-tale heroes and destroy them...

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Where does this tradition come from, where are its roots? The apple has long been included in the myths of the peoples of the world, and this suggests that it, like the egg, is associated with the worldview of ancient man. The almost perfectly round shape was associated with ideas about the world, the Universe, and space; golden delicate color, “blush” apple - with beauty, health and youth; smooth, satiny skin hiding a juicy fruit - with mystery and richness; sweetness and aroma - with pleasure and enjoyment. It is not surprising that many peoples saw the apple as an extraordinary fruit - the fruit of the tree of life. And the tree of life in the myths of almost all nations is at the same time the world tree, that is, the axis of the world, the Universe... It is here, under the world tree, that human destinies are decided, under it the gods gather for great councils, they come here for advice and knowledge; Immortality and health are sought here. The moon and the sun are hidden in the branches of the tree.

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At the edge of the world, near the banks of the Ocean River, the ancient Greeks placed a wonderful garden with golden apples that belonged to the goddess Hera (Gaia herself presented her with this wedding gift). Golden apples give eternal youth, and therefore Hera entrusted them to be vigilantly guarded by the dragon Frankincense and the 3 nymph sisters the Hesperides. As we know, Hercules managed to steal these wonderful apples, overcoming many obstacles - this was his 11th labor. And although Eurystheus gave apples to the hero, and Hercules, in turn, gave them to Pallas Athena, they again returned to the Hesperides, for these beautiful fruits should always remain in the treasured garden. Eternity and immortality are the destiny of the gods, not mortals.

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With the spread of Christianity, the symbolism of the apple loses its ambiguity. In the Bible it becomes a symbol of the fall of mankind. It is not surprising that all artists and sculptors, from the Middle Ages to modern times, depict Eve under an apple tree, entwined with a serpent (remember the dragon Ladon), or with an apple in her hand. The apple gave knowledge and led to sin. It was obviously a forbidden fruit, but Eve dared and not only picked it and tried it herself, but also passed on her “knowledge” to Adam

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The optimistic and bright nature of the apple, laid down by myths (immortality, health, beauty, wealth), is generously manifested in folk tales around the world, where the apple appears primarily as the fruit of life and immortality. Many nations often repeat the motif of the long-awaited birth of a child thanks to an eaten apple, as in the Italian fairy tale “The Apple and the Peel.” The nobleman’s family had no children for a long time. One day he met a wizard on the street. “Sir wizard, what should we do? We really want a son. The wizard handed him an apple and said: “Give this apple to your wife, and in exactly 9 months she will give birth to a wonderful boy.” The prediction was fulfilled, but 2 boys appeared: one from a noble lady who ate a peeled apple, the other from a maid who ate the peel: “the maid is as ruddy as an apple peel, and the lady is as white-faced as a peeled apple.” Then Kozhura will turn out to be both sharper and stronger than his “brother.”

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In fairy tales, an apple was not only the beginning of a new life, but also health and youth. In Russian folk tales, the plot about rejuvenating apples is extremely interesting. We also see rejuvenating apples, which help you look younger and get rid of illness, in other fairy tales. “(Solntseva’s sister) let him go home to visit and gave him a brush, a comb and two rejuvenating apples for the journey: no matter how old a person is, if he eats an apple, he will instantly become younger” (Russian folk tale “The Witch and the Solntseva’s Sister”)

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But in the German fairy tale “The White Snake from the Tree,” the golden apple of life also bestows love: “They divided the apple of life and ate it together: and her heart was filled with love for him, they lived in serene happiness until old age.” The ability of an apple to evoke love is reminiscent of the custom of many nations to decorate brides with apple blossoms. We meet the ancient custom of throwing apples as a sign of love to each other in fairy tales of many peoples. “The fool galloped and flew up the mountain. He threw a diamond apple into the princess’s lap…” (Latvian fairy tale “The Princess on the Glass Mountain”). “The princess came out and threw and threw a golden apple to the knights, but no one caught the golden apple except the young man, only he instantly caught it and galloped away” (German fairy tale “Iron Hans”).

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Most often, birds are the mysterious thieves of apples. “... half the night has passed, and it seems to him: there is light in the garden. Lighter and lighter. The whole garden lit up. He sees the Firebird sitting on an apple tree and pecking at golden apples” (Russian fairy tale “Ivan Tsarevich and the Gray Wolf”). “They had an apple tree in their garden on which golden apples grew. Every night some bird would fly in and eat them” (Polish fairy tale “About Beautiful Helen”). These birds are, without a doubt, associated with the sun: their plumage and the light that comes from them speak about this. Perhaps this is a poetic image of the dawn...

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The apple tree and its fruit play the role of fortune tellers, they know about everything that is happening in the world, they show all its beauty: “An apple rolls on a saucer, poured on a silver one, and on the saucer all the cities are visible one after another, ships on the seas and shelves in the fields , and the height of the mountains, and the beauty of the sky, the sun rolls after the sun, the stars gather in a round dance - everything is so beautiful, it’s amazing...” (Russian “The Tale of a Silver Saucer and a Liquid Apple”).

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But the apple tree and apples can also bring trouble: grief, illness, death (Remember the apple of discord, the fruit from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, etc.) Sometimes they can play a cruel joke on fairy-tale characters: “Ivanushka picked an apple, ate it, and In an instant, horns grew on his head - large and heavy, bowing their heads to the ground" (Russian fairy tale "The Punished Princess"). The Romanian fairy tale "Doctor Toderash" is about the same thing. True, then the same apples help the heroes punish kings and princesses for injustice . Sometimes the soul of a demonic creature is hidden in an apple, like an egg, from which the whole world suffers, as, for example, in the Moldavian fairy tale “Green Basil and the Tsar’s Daughter.”

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If we try to generalize the meanings that the apple carries in fairy tales, then in the end there will be two main ones: life and youth with all the ensuing consequences and temptation, that is, those that came to us from the most ancient myths. The role of the apple in fairy tales peoples of the world is more positive than negative.

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A wonderful pouring apple from the far-off kingdom, which is hidden not far and wide, but in our memory and soul, continues to illuminate us with its radiance, feed our imagination with life-giving juices and awaken irrepressible curiosity. Well, that’s why it’s rejuvenating, to be able to do all this...

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410 rub.

Description

The role of the apple in fairy tales...

Ι.Introduction………………………………………………………………………………......... ......3

ΙΙ.Main part

Chapter 1. The role of the apple in literature
1.1. The role of the apple in literature………..………………………………………………………4
1.2. The symbolism of the apple in fairy tales……………………………………………………………..5

Chapter 2. Consideration of the image of an apple using the example of Russian fairy tales
2.1. “Ivan Tsarevich and the Gray Wolf”………………………………………………………………………………..6
2.2. The Tale of Rejuvenating Apples and Living Water………………………………………….7
2.3. “The Tale of the Dead Princess”……………………………………………………………..8
ΙΙΙ.Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………………9

ΙҮ. List of references……………………………………………………………….……..9

V. Appendix

Introduction

Introduction
Each of us is familiar with fairy tales firsthand. Fairy tales are liked not only by children, but also by adults, because in wonderful fairy-tale events the reality of our lives is guessed, in a fairy tale you can find the answer to a question of interest, or you can simply forget yourself and plunge headlong into the world of magic.
I decided, at least partially, to look into this extraordinary world, the world of a fairy tale.
I dedicated my work to a little-studied fairy-tale image - an apple.
The relevance of this work, in my opinion, lies in the fact that the image of an apple has not yet been sufficiently studied in literary criticism, although this image is far from accidental. The image of an apple carries different symbolism, I will reveal it in one of the chapters.
I think that my research is interesting not only to me, but it has a certain significance. Studying fairy tales is, first of all, working with folklore, which means getting to know the culture of the people.
Goal of the work:
1. Consider the image of an apple in literature, namely in fairy tales
2. Determine the symbolism of the apple
3. Compare the image of an apple using the example of several fairy tales
Hypothesis: the apple in the fairy tale is not a random image

Fragment of work for review

An apple tree with golden fruits represents the tree of fate, on which prosperity, love, and the birth of children depend, as in the Italian fairy tale “The Little Shepherd Boy.”
“The Tale of the Silver Saucer and the Pourable Apple”: the apple tree acts as a predictor.
Thus, the image of an apple takes its roots from antiquity.
The symbolism of the apple, which I outlined in this chapter, is only a small part; I will fully consider this issue in a separate chapter.
1.3. The symbolism of the apple in fairy tales
Studying the image of an apple in fairy tales, I identified the following symbolism:
1. Apple - a symbol of healing power (“Ivan Tsarevich and the Gray Wolf”);
2. The apple is a symbol of immortality and eternal youth (“The Tale of Rejuvenating Apples and Living Water”);
3. Apple – a symbol of kindness, fertility, prosperity (“Swan Geese”);
4. Apple – a symbol of youth and wisdom (“Kroshechka-Khavroshechka”);
5. The apple is a symbol of temptation (A.S. Pushkin “The Tale of the Dead Princess and the Seven Knights”);
6. Apple – the tree of life and knowledge (“Silver saucer and pouring apple”).
Chapter 2. Consideration of the image of an apple using the example of Russian fairy tales
2.1. “Ivan Tsarevich and the Gray Wolf”
The main characters of the tale are: Tsar Berendey, Ivan Tsarevich, and, of course, the apple tree is in the spotlight: “And the king had a magnificent garden; there grew in that garden an apple tree with golden apples” (4:68). It is no coincidence that the apple tree in the fairy tale is golden; this is a sign of its significance.
In this fairy tale, the apple acts as a symbol of wisdom and knowledge.
It is the feather lost from the apple tree by the Firebird that opens up a world of amazing adventures, where the hero manages to get all the blessings of life: a horse, wealth, a beauty. And it is no coincidence that this path for the hero, Ivan Tsarevich, is opened by an apple tree.
2.2.The Tale of Rejuvenating Apples and Living Water
The main characters of the tale: the Tsar, his sons: Fedor, Vasily, Ivan.
“The king was very old and his eyes were poor, but he heard that far away, in the thirtieth kingdom, there is a garden with rejuvenating apples and a well with living water. If you eat this apple for an old man, he will become younger, and if you wash the eyes of a blind man with this water, he will see.” (4;15)
The king gathers a feast for the whole world, invites princes and boyars to the feast and says to them:
“Who, guys, would get out of the chosen ones, get out of the hunters, travel to distant lands, to the thirtieth kingdom, bring rejuvenating apples and a jug of living water with twelve stigmas? I would give half the kingdom to this rider.” (4;16)
As a result, the youngest son, Ivan, goes to get the rejuvenating apples, and he has to go through a series of tests before he gets the apples.
In this fairy tale, the apple personifies eternal youth and immortality, which every person dreams of.
As G.H. said. Andersen: “There are no fairy tales better than those that life itself creates” (1;102).
2.3. A.S. Pushkin “The Tale of the Dead Princess and the Seven Knights”
“The Tale of the Dead Princess and the Seven Knights” by A.S. Pushkin is close to folklore. It also contains the image of an apple. I will not retell it, because there is no person who has not read it at least once.
The image of an apple appears here as a symbol of temptation.
On the orders of the evil stepmother, the old woman brings the Princess a poisoned apple:
Young, golden,
The apple is flying straight...(3;18)
Even a faithful friend (a dog) could not save the Princess from tasting the poisoned fruit:
The dog will jump and squeal...(3;18)
But the princess in both hands
Grab - caught.
The dog runs into her face
He looks pitifully, howls menacingly,
It’s like a dog’s heart is aching... (3;19)
A.S. It is no coincidence that Pushkin chooses the image of an apple here, since this is a philosophical image, passing as a symbol of seduction, temptation already in ancient times (mythology).
III. Conclusion

Bibliography

Bibliography
1. Zubareva E. E. Reader on children’s literature. – M.: Education, 1988.
2. Myths of the peoples of the world. Encyclopedia. In 2 volumes - M.: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1987.
3. Pushkin A. S. Collected Works. T. 2. – M.: Pravda, 1963.
4. Russian folk tales. – M.: Assistance, 1994.
5. Russian folk tales processed by L. N. Tolstoy. – M.: Petrushka, 1993.

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Municipal budgetary educational institution

"Secondary school No. 4"

Research

Work completed:

Aleshina Anastasia, 9th grade B.

Supervisor:

Fedin Viktor Alexandrovich

teacher of fine arts and drawing.

Isilkul city

Introduction
Chapter 1. The image of an apple in world artistic culture.
1.1. Study of the botanical features of the apple.
1.2. The image of an apple in mythology and the Bible.
1.3. The image of an apple in Slavic mythology. 10 1.4. Features of the image in fairy tales (Russian folk, foreign). 12
1.5. The image of an apple and an apple tree in certain works of classical literature. 14
1.6. A survey study of works of art in which the image of an apple appears. 1.7.The image of an apple and an apple tree in other areas of art. 16
Chapter 2. Experimental research aimed at determining the role and meaning of the image of an apple and an apple tree in literature. 19
2.1. Organization and methods of research. 19
2.2. Description and analysis of research results. 20
2.3. Description of the research work product. 21
Conclusion 22 List of information sources 24 Applications 25

Relevance This work is that the image of an apple has not been studied enough, this study will help determine its meaning and significance, introduce children and adults to the image of an APPLE, and instill a love for native literature and works of oral folk art. This work will help you learn to analyze a literary text and highlight the main problems raised by the author in the work.

The object of the study is APPLE and APPLE TREE.

The subject of the study is the history of the appearance of the image of the APPLE.

Purpose of the study: Reveal the multiple meanings of the image of an apple.

Hypothesis: Is the frequent occurrence of the image of an apple in myths, folk tales, literary works, painting and even music a coincidence or a pattern?

Tasks:

■ Theoretical:

Analyze the literature on this topic.

Get acquainted with the myths and fairy tales of the peoples of the world, as well as works that mention this image, identify similarities and differences.

Conduct a survey of works of art in which the image of an apple appears.

Study the botanical features of the apple.

Create ideas about the image of an apple in myths and fairy tales of the peoples of the world, as well as in the works of classics and artists.

■ Practical:

Prepare a presentation.

The following were used in the study methods :

■ Theoretical

1. Analysis of literary and artistic sources.

2. Analysis and comparison of the literary image.

3. Generalization of the research results.

■ Empirical

Questioning students.

Simulation: prepare a presentation.

Practical significance This work will involve developing a presentation.

In the research work you will encounter basic concepts, the knowledge of which is necessary:

FAIRY TALE, And, and

1. A narrative work of oral folk art about fictitious events. Russian folk tales. Arabian tales. Tales about animals. Fantastic tales. I will begin to tell fairy tales. Lermontov. The fairy tale is not chasing reality. Proverb. A fairy tale is a fold, a song is a reality. Proverb. || A literary work of the same nature. S. about the fisherman and the fish of Pushkin. Andersen's fairy tales. || trans. Something fantastic, tempting. Not life, but s. 2. Untruth, lies, fiction, something that no one believes (colloquial). - Why should I lie? Let's say our brother, a tramp, is a master at telling fairy tales. M. Gorky. 3. List, register (historical). Revision tales. 4. An official statement about something. (official old). Signs of Vladimir Dubrovsky, compiled from the tales of his former courtyard people. Pushkin 1.

MYTH, A, m.[Greek mythos].

1. An ancient folk tale about gods or heroes (historical lit.). Myths of classical antiquity. M. about Antea. M. about Prometheus.|| Legend, tale, as an integral part of religious confession (book). Christian M. M. about the incarnation of the deity. 2. trans. What. legendary, fantastic, fabulous; fiction, fiction. His information turned out to be a myth. This is the purest m.

Our research is devoted to a little-studied fairy-tale image - an apple. Bullseye " liquid, young, golden...", rejuvenating apples: "... If a person eats an apple, he will instantly become younger...», « whoever catches the apple will be the groom for the princess», «… roll the apple and follow it, it will lead you where you need to go..." But sometimes this apple is different: “... picked an apple, ate it, and at the same moment horns grew on his head…», «… The princess bit into the apple and died immediately…»

Why is it the apple, and not another fruit, that is most often found in fairy tales? What is behind this symbol? Is this image coincidental? Maybe he plays some special role in the lives and destinies of the heroes? Where are its roots? Is there a sequel?

Introduction

Who among us doesn’t like or hasn’t read fairy tales? They are liked not only by children, but also by adults, since in wonderful fairy-tale events you can see a lot from our real life, you can find answers to some important questions, you can simply forget about problems and imagine yourself in an amazing world full of miracles, secrets and magic , and understand that the fairy tale is very close, it is nearby. Fairy-tale heroes (Ivan the Fool, the Golden Fish, Baba Yaga, Tsarevna-Nesmeyana, etc.) are so familiar to us from childhood that they have become common nouns: we say “thin like Koschey the Immortal”, “lazy like Emelya”, “greedy like old woman from A. S. Pushkin’s fairy tale.”

The language of fairy tales is so bright, expressive, and imaginative! Despite its apparent simplicity, understandable even to small children, everything in fairy tales is not accidental, everything has a special meaning and keeps a secret.

I decided to look into this secret and try to reveal it. My research is devoted to a little-studied fairy tale image - the apple.

Apple “liquid, young, golden...”,

Rejuvenating apples: “...if a man eats an apple, he will instantly become younger...”, “whoever catches the apple will be the groom for the princess,” “... roll the apple and follow it, it will lead you where you need it...”.

But sometimes this apple is different: “...plucked an apple, ate it, and at that very moment horns grew on his head...”, “... the princess bit into the apple and immediately died...”

Why is it the apple, and not another fruit, that is most often found in fairy tales? What is behind this symbol? Is this image accidental or not? Maybe he plays some special role in the lives and destinies of the heroes? Where are its roots? Is there a sequel?

I think that my research is interesting not only to me, but it has a certain significance.

Since the image of an apple has not been studied enough, this study will help determine its meaning and significance.

The results of the work can be used by both teachers and students in literature lessons when studying fairy tales and myths.

In addition, the study can be continued when analyzing modern literary works.

Chapter 1. The image of an apple in world artistic culture

Studying the botanical characteristics of the apple

Fruit (lat. fructus - fetus) - a juicy, usually edible, fruit of a tree or shrub. A “fruit” is usually called any fruit consisting of pulp and seeds and formed from the ovary of a flower. 2

According to botanists, all fruits containing seeds are fruits.

Fruits are an important component of food for humans and many animals.

Apple- fetus apple trees, which is eaten fresh, serves as a raw material in cooking and for making drinks.

In addition to their delicious taste, apples have very useful and healing (medicinal) properties. Apples are the most common fruit in our country and it is very pleasant that apples are extremely useful and necessary for our health. The beneficial and medicinal properties of apples are explained by their healing composition. Apples contain vitamins C, B1, B2, P, E, carotene, potassium, iron, manganese, calcium, pectin, sugar, and organic acids. Apples also contain a large number of microelements: potassium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, sulfur, aluminum, boron, vanadium, iron, iodine, copper, molybdenum, nickel, fluorine, chromium and zinc. The fruit contains 84-90% water.

Apples help normalize the activity of the gastrointestinal tract and digestive system.

Apples lower blood cholesterol levels due to their pectin and related fiber content. One apple with peel contains 3.5 grams. fibers, i.e. more than 10% of the daily fiber required by the body. Insoluble fiber molecules attach to cholesterol and help remove it from the body, thereby reducing the risk of blockage of blood vessels and heart attacks.

Useful properties of apples. Treatment with apples

Apples are used for vitamin deficiency and low vitamin C levels.

Apples have good dietary properties and are used as a dietary product for indigestion, vitamin deficiency, anemia and as a diuretic. Apples have a general strengthening effect and increase the body's resistance to radiation.

It is better to eat apples fresh, as they contain substances that can oxidize vitamin C, and heat treatment leads to the destruction of these substances and a decrease in vitamin C in the body.

Apple juice strengthens the cardiovascular system well and is useful for people with mental work. The juice contains many hematopoietic elements. 3

1.2. The image of an apple in mythology and the Bible

The apple has long been included in the myths of the peoples of the world, and this suggests that it, like the egg, is associated with the worldview of ancient man. Ancient people, indeed, put a certain meaning into this image.

●The almost ideal round shape was associated with ideas about the world, the Universe, and space;

● delicate golden color, “blush” of an apple – with beauty, health and

youth;

●smooth satin skin that hides the juicy fruit - with mystery and richness;

● sweetness and aroma - with pleasure and enjoyment.

It is not surprising that many peoples saw the apple as an extraordinary fruit - the fruit of the tree of life. And the tree of life in the myths of almost all peoples is at the same time the world tree, that is, the axis of the world, the Universe. Such a tree in myths was most often an apple tree or apples.

For example, in the extraordinary gardens of the ancient Greek paradise, wonderful golden apples grew, giving eternal youth.

In Scandinavian mythology, the magical apple of the goddess Iduna (owner of a magical basket filled with apples of youth) is the personification of the time of year between March and September; Eating apples by the gods filled them with new strength and gave them eternal youth.

Medieval legends say that Alexander the Great, who was looking for “living water” in India, once found himself in an apple orchard and learned that those who eat apples from this orchard gain longevity.

Apples in many myths are associated with heaven or the Garden of Eden. The old name of the apple tree “silver bough” comes from the belief that apples grow on silver branches and have the properties of immortality.

According to Irish belief, an apple is a fruit that ensures immortality: if you cut it in half, you can see a five-pointed star - a pentagram, symbolizing the five states from birth to death, and then a new birth.

The ancient Germans believed that apple trees enjoyed the protection of all gods - even lightning did not touch them - and therefore surrounded their homes with apple orchards.

The expression “apple of discord” is based on a myth: the goddess of discord Eris, offended by the gods, stole one of the apples of the Hesperides (giving immortality). And with the inscription “To the most beautiful” she threw it at the wedding feast. A dispute arose between three goddesses: Hero, Athena and Aphrodite. The Trojan youth Paris was chosen as a judge between them. Paris gave the apple to Aphrodite who bribed him; For this, Aphrodite made the wife of King Menelaus, the beautiful Helen, fall in love with the young man. To take revenge for such an insult, the Greeks began a long-term war with the Trojans. The memory of this myth remains the expression “apple of discord,” meaning any cause of disputes and strife. They also sometimes say “apple of Eris”, “apple of Paris”.

In Christianity, the apple symbolizes, on the one hand, temptation and the fall, on the other - in connection with the Virgin Mary and Christ - the new Adam and salvation.

In the Bible, the apple becomes a symbol of the fall of mankind, and it is depicted in the hands of Adam or Eve. The apple was a forbidden fruit, but Eve not only picked the apple and tried it herself, but also gave it to Adam. The consequence was expulsion from heaven to Earth. Thus, the apple played a fatal role here. Having acquired the role of the forbidden fruit, the apple became an expression of original sin. "Adam's Apple" is an Adam's apple that only men have, according to legend, a piece of the forbidden fruit that got stuck in Adam's throat. One of the most popular monastic sayings in the Middle Ages was: “Mala mali malo mala contulit omnia mundo” (Latin), i.e. “The apple brought all the evil to the world.”

In the Bible you can find many places in which you will not find an explanation: what kind of apples are we talking about; Only grenades are mentioned several times. Therefore, in the story of the seduction of Eve by the Serpent, it is not said about an apple tree, but about a certain tree: “we can only eat the fruit of the tree that is in the middle of paradise” (Genesis 3: 1-6).

The apple began to be called the forbidden fruit of paradise later, after which it began to be considered a symbol of the knowledge of Good and Evil, the starting point for the subsequent creation of a “scale” of assessments and moral standards. And brought people closer to the gods. In Chinese symbolism, “a monkey with an apple in its mouth” means the Fall.

3. The image of an apple in Slavic mythology.

In Slavic mythology, the apple was

A symbol of fertility, health, love, beauty;

It was an emblem of a marriage union and healthy offspring.

Apple fruits, shoots and apple blossoms played an important role in wedding ceremonies. The exchange of apples between a guy and a girl symbolized mutual sympathy. By accepting an apple from the wooing guy, the girl seemed to be giving consent to the marriage.

Among the southern Slavs, apples acted as a wedding invitation.

Apple tree branches decorated the wedding banner and the bride's wreath, and were also used to decorate the festive table. Thus, Belarusians, Ukrainians and Poles stuck an apple tree branch into a loaf, and Russians - into a wedding chicken. The Southern Slavs sent the bride to the wedding with an apple, and after that she had to throw the fruit behind the altar in order to have children. Newlyweds were given apples, wishing for large offspring. Before the first wedding night, they performed the following ritual: one apple was hidden under a feather bed, and the other was broken into two parts, and each of the newlyweds ate half. The apple is an ancient Slavic symbol of the bride’s chastity: it was left on the wedding shirt. Southern Slavs traditionally shaved the groom before the wedding under an apple tree. And when performing the ritual of changing the headdress from a girl’s to a woman’s, the first one, with the help of an apple tree branch, was removed from the bride’s head and thrown onto the apple tree.

In Slavic symbolism, the apple has a positive meaning. The Western Slavs believed that to ensure the health of the whole family, it was necessary to wash oneself with water containing an apple on Christmas and New Year. For the future health and beauty of her children, the pregnant woman had to hold on to the apple tree and look at its branches in winter or at the fruits in summer. For the health and strength of the unborn child, the woman in labor was visited with an apple. In Ukraine, it was customary for the midwife to hand out apples to everyone at christenings. In Slovakia and Moravia, water was thrown under a sweet apple tree after bathing a newborn. The Western and Southern Slavs believed that before drawing water from a source, an apple should be thrown into it as a sacrifice. On Christmas and New Year's Eve, all household members and livestock were hit with an apple tree rod, and then thrown onto the apple tree.

The apple was a gift for carolers invited to weddings and christenings. Participants in roundabout rituals brought an apple to the owners’ house and left it on the hearth. In Serbia, Macedonia and Croatia, a young wife, entering a new house, “gave” an apple with a coin stuck into it to the hearth; and in Slovakia she turned over a full basket of apples so that there would be abundance on the farm.

The Serbs of Vojvodina saw the apple as the embodiment of fertility: it was dipped into the seed grain so that the wheat would grow large, like apples. And the Bulgarians protected their crops in this way. On Christmas Eve, Czechs threw nuts and apples under fruit trees. The last fruit was not picked from the tree: it was left on the branch so that the harvest would be rich the next year. According to beliefs, the apple helped against infertility. The Bulgarians believed that it should arise after the secondary flowering of the apple tree. The Serbs believed that the first apple on a young tree would help with this, and the Ukrainians believed that the fruit that had been hanging on the apple tree for a long time would help.

1.4. Features of the image in fairy tales (Russian folk, foreign)

Often magical plants are used in fairy tales.

The apple tree and apples are central to many Russian fairy tales. Firstly, the apple tree was associated among the Russian people with fertility, wealth, and kindness.

For example, in the fairy tale “Geese and Swans,” the apple tree helps a girl who saves her brother. When the girl just went in search of her brother to Baba Yaga, she helped the apple tree by collecting ripe apples, straightened its branches, and on the way back the apple tree hid the girl and her brother in its branches.

Apples often appear in fairy tales as a healing force. For example, from the fairy tale about “Ivan the Tsarevich and the Gray Wolf” we learn that in Rus' there were “rejuvenating” apples: if you eat three of them, you immediately become young and beautiful.

Another fairy tale tells about a young man who dreamed of being rich, smart and marrying the king’s daughter. Then he was led to an apple tree on which three apples hung: one wrinkled yellow one - the apple of wisdom, another, red and plump - the apple of wealth, and the third, still green and unripe, - the apple of happiness. The young man chose yellow and wrinkled, because he was not stupid and guessed that if you are a wise person, then you can arrange your wealth and happiness, if you are happy, but poor and stupid, then this is somehow really stupid, but if you are rich, but stupid and unhappy - that’s no good at all. The king marveled at the young man’s wisdom and gave his daughter as a wife and half his kingdom in addition. Thus, the apples in this fairy tale could give a person some qualities, that is, they had magical properties that improve a person’s life, transform it, and also influence character and worldview.

Thus, in Russian fairy tales, the apple acted as a symbol of youth and wisdom.

Based on these fairy tales, we can conclude that apples were one of the most common magical fruits in Russian fairy tales, and the apple tree was a magical plant.

Many nations often repeat the motif of the long-awaited birth of a child thanks to an eaten apple, as for example in Italian fairy tale "The Apple and the Peel". ... The nobleman’s family had no children for a long time. One day he met a wizard on the street.

“- Signor wizard, what should we do? We really want a son.

The wizard handed him an apple and said:

“Give this apple to your wife, and in exactly nine months she will give birth to a wonderful boy.”

The prediction came true, but two boys appeared : “one belongs to the noble lady who ate the peeled apple, and the other belongs to the servant who ate the peel. The maid is as ruddy as an apple peel, and the lady is as pale as a peeled apple.” 4

Very often in fairy tales, an apple is not only a symbol of the beginning of life, but also a symbol of health and youth.

In Russian folk tales there is an interesting plot about rejuvenating apples: “The king was very old and his eyes were poor, but he heard that far away, in the thirtieth kingdom, there is a garden with rejuvenating apples and a well with living water...” (« The Tale of Rejuvenating Apples and Living Water").

1.5. The image of an apple and an apple tree in certain works of classical literature

The image of an apple tree and an apple is also reflected in literary fairy tales, since its roots are in folklore and mythology.

For example, A. S. Pushkin in "The Tale of the Dead Princess and the Seven Knights":

“And to the princess a liquid,

Young, golden

The apple is flying straight...

Full of ripe juice,

So fresh and so fragrant

So ruddy and golden

It’s like it’s filled with honey!

You can see the seeds right through..." 5

How juicy and appetizing the insidious apple is described, which one so wants to try, which is what the gullible princess did - and died. Why did our favorite poet choose an apple to carry out the evil plans of his stepmother? Of course, Pushkin knew that the apple is a philosophical image, a symbol of temptation. The apple in his tale is traditionally folkloric, it is the fruit of the tree of knowledge.

The image of an apple is also found in creativity V. A. Zhukovsky (“The Tale of Ivan Tsarevich and the Gray Wolf”).

“...Sitting on an apple tree, the Firebird

I got down to business and picked it up

About a dozen apples..."

Again we have before us the image of an apple and a feather lost from the apple tree by the Firebird, which opens the hero to a world of adventure, helping him obtain the blessings of life: wealth, a beautiful bride. The apple tree here again acts as a tree of fate, on which well-being and love depend.

1.6. Overview of works of art in which the image of an apple is found

Confirmation of these conclusions can also be found in works of painting. On canvases and frescoes, artists often depicted heavenly apple orchards (V. Titian “Adam and Eve”, P. Rubens “Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden”, etc.).

The apple on many canvases is a symbol of the Fall (J. Gossart “The Fall”), often an apple next to the infant Christ (F. Bellini “Madonna and Child”).

The Fall is one of the most popular subjects of medieval painting. Later, during the Renaissance, pictorial subjects based on ancient motifs became popular - the judgment of Paris and the twelfth labor of Hercules - “apples of the Hesperides”.

Adam and Eve, disobeying the will of God, ate the fruit from the Tree of the Knowledge of Good and Evil. According to the most common opinion, this fruit was an apple, but there are opinions that it was other fruits. Despite the fact that the fruit with which the Serpent tempted Eve in the Garden of Eden is not named in the Bible, the apple was the first fruit chosen by later interpreters of the Holy Scriptures.

“Apple trees in blossom” is a symbol of pure, bright and long-lasting love, glorified in works representing the romantic movement in art.

Apple tree flowers - spring, the beginning of the year, the beginning of love; flower of a young girl.
Like the orange blossom (a symbol of fertility), the apple blossom was used as decoration for brides.

Many artists have captured apple trees and turned their paradise gardens into apple trees. S. Botticelli “Spring”, Lucas Cranach the Elder “The Golden Age”. The apple tree here is both the center of the world and the tree of life, the personification of health, youth, happiness; E. Burne-Jones “The Sinister Head” - the tree of the knowledge of good and evil.

The apple is often a symbol of youth, health and beauty. It is no coincidence that many artists depict their models with an apple in their hands (Raphael. “Portrait of a Young Man with an Apple”; V.L. Borovikovsky. “Portrait of E.I. Arsenyeva”, “Portrait of Skobeeva”). The apple becomes an obligatory attribute of the graces (Raphael. “The Three Graces”), Venus (A. Bronzino. “Allegory”). A beautiful apple with a wormhole speaks of the fragility of youth and beauty, as in the still life of M.M. de Caravaggio “Fruit Basket”.

An interesting interpretation of the apple tree as a tree of life is given by the artist D. Zhilinsky in the painting “Under the Old Apple Tree.” Under the apple tree generously strewn with fruits there are figures symbolizing the three ages of human life.

Conclusion. Thus, if we try to generalize the meanings that the apple tree carries in the works of artists, and even earlier in fairy tales, then in the end two main ones will remain: life and love.

1.7. The image of an apple and an apple tree in other areas of art

Apple in music

In William Shakespeare’s “Sonnet on an Apple” (No. 93), the apple becomes a symbol of the deceit contained in beauty. In D. Galsworthy’s wonderful story “The Blossom of the Apple Tree,” the apple tree becomes a multi-valued symbol of youth, beauty, love, temptation, and grief, and the entire work breathes the aroma of an extraordinary apple tree...

- “Apples in the Snow” - words by A. Dementyev, music by M. Muromov.

- “Apple” is a folk song.

Apple Records is a British record label founded by The Beatles in 1968.

- “Yay-ya (ate apples)” - song by the group “Propaganda”, album “SuperDetka” (2004). Words and music: Victoria Voronina.

- “Father of Apples” - a song by the Aquarium group from the album Favorite Songs of Ramses IV (1983) written in Alma-Ata (direct translation from the Kazakh language “Father of Apples”).

- “Apple Days” - song by the Aquarium group from the album Ten Arrows (1986)

- “Rejuvenating Apples” - a song by the group Orgasm of Nostradamus from the album Kill a Teenager.

- “Paradise Apples” - a song by Vladimir Vysotsky, and also the name of one of his records “At the concerts of Vladimir Vysotsky (17) - Paradise Apples (1991)”

Apple in cinema

- “Rejuvenating Apples” (Soyuzmultfilm, 1974).

- “Fire, Water and... Copper Pipes” (comedy-fairy tale directed by A. Rowe, 1968). In the film, Baba Yaga says to her fiancé, Kashchei the Immortal: “Kosha, eat an apple and you will become young!” Subsequently, this expression became popular.

In Walt Disney's Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, the main character's stepmother poisoned her with an apple.

The opening theme for the American television series Desperate Housewives uses an apple as an allusion to the biblical legend of the Fall.

In the movie "The Da Vinci Code" the key to the map was the word "apple", that is, apple.

In the cartoon “Martynko,” the main character was able to take revenge on Raiska (the Tsar’s daughter) by treating her to an apple, which caused her to grow horns because she stole the golden cards.

In the series “Paradise Apples,” a thread of symbols ran through the plot.

Apple in heraldry

In heraldry, the apple is a symbol of peace. One of the signs of the monarch’s power is the power, the “sovereign apple.” The apple is also part of many coats of arms.

Zyablikovo (Moscow district)

Rossosh (Voronezh region)

Verkhnesadovoe, Ukraine

Coat of arms of the commune of Aseleben in Germany

Apple in science

According to a well-known legend, the Law of Universal Gravitation was discovered by Newton, who watched apples falling in an orchard.

Alchemists, noticing that the core of an apple cut crosswise resembled a five-pointed star, used the apple as a symbol of knowledge.

Karl Wilhelm Scheele isolated a new organic acid from unripe apples in 1785, which he called malic acid.

The bulge on the front of the neck in men is called Adam's apple.

Apple in place names

The name "Almaty" is translated as "Apple Tree". The city is located at the foot of the Trans-Ili Alatau mountains in the extreme southeast of Kazakhstan.

There is the Yablonsky ridge, next to which the city of Aginskoye is located.

Chapter 2. Experimental research aimed at determining the role and meaning of the image of an apple and an apple tree in literature.

2.1. Organization and methods of research.

This study was conducted on the basis of the educational institution MKOU “Secondary School No. 4.” Students from grades 5 to 11, teachers and school staff took part in the study.

Target – determine the role and meaning of the image of an apple and an apple tree in literature and art.

The following were supplied tasks:

Determine the role and meaning of the image of apples and apple trees in literature and art.

To achieve our goals, we used the following methods:

Questionnaire- in order to determine the role and meaning of the image of an apple and an apple tree in literature and art. Using the developed questionnaire (see Appendix No. 1).

Modeling: presentation development.

Sequencing during the study:

1. Questionnaire based on experiment

2.Processing personal data.

3.Writing primary conclusions (the most significant results of the study).

4. Presentation modeling.

5. Testing of results (confirmation or refutation of the hypothesis) - checking recommendations based on research.

6. Writing final conclusions.

Record forms research results:

Primary processing, analysis and presentation of research results:

Entering the research results into the appropriate record forms.

Schematic, graphical, illustrative presentation of results (preparation of applications).

Writing conclusions.

For modeling: creating a presentation development.

2.2. Description and analysis of research results

When surveying students, teachers and school staff, the following results were obtained.

The results of the survey are included in Table No. 1 “Table for processing questionnaire data” (see Appendix No. 2).

The data obtained as a result of our research allowed us to make the following conclusions:

Of the 20 respondents to the question, “Do you like fairy tales?”, the overwhelming majority of respondents answered “YES.”

Almost everyone admitted that they love apples (19 respondents).

It is interesting that, answering the question “Do you know the healing properties of apples?”, almost all respondents answered in the affirmative, noting that this fruit contains iron.

The expression “rejuvenating apples” is known to 15 respondents. And to the question “What function do apples perform in fairy tales?” many answered “rejuvenation function”: “Old people, after eating “rejuvenation apples,” immediately become 20 years younger.”

13 respondents answered that they are familiar with fairy tales and works of art in which apples are found? Basically the Russian folk tale was called “Geese and Swans”.

A. S. Pushkin wrote “The fairy tale is a lie, but there is a hint in it...” Is there some truth in the fairy tale about “rejuvenating apples”? We asked respondents whether they believed in the healing power of apples. 14 respondents answered negatively, and only 6 people believe in this miracle.

It is not surprising that almost all respondents to the question “would you like to gain immortality by eating an apple” answered in the affirmative. And only 4 people did not want to live forever.

2.3. Research work product description

The product of this work is the development of the presentation “What is hidden in the image of an apple?”, which will help students understand the position of different authors and introduce them to the symbolism of the apple in Russian literature and painting.

It also fosters a tender reverent feeling for the heritage of the past, introduces people to various types of art, and the ability to see not only beauty, but also the mystery of existence.

The created Power Point presentation will help you visually present everything.

conclusions

Thus, the data obtained as a result of my survey allowed me to do the following: conclusions:

Almost everyone admitted that they love apples

The healing properties of apples are known to almost all respondents.

Many have noted that apples contain iron.

Almost all respondents noted that “rejuvenating apples” perform the “function of rejuvenation” in fairy tales.

Most respondents do not believe in the magical healing power of apples.

Almost everyone wants to gain immortality by eating a “rejuvenating apple.”

None of the respondents could answer the question of what significance the image of the “apple” has in the works.

Conclusion

conclusions

In addition to their delicious taste, apples have very useful and healing (medicinal) properties. Apples are the most common fruit in our country and it is very pleasant that apples are extremely useful and necessary for our health. The beneficial and medicinal properties of apples are explained by their healing composition.

The apple has always had great symbolic meaning.

The apple has long been included in the myths of the peoples of the world, and this suggests that it is connected with the worldview of ancient man. Ancient people, indeed, put a certain meaning into this image.

Apple - a symbol of life, birth, immortality.

An apple is a symbol of quarrel and dispute.

The apple is a forbidden fruit, a symbol of knowledge.

The apple tree and apples are central to many fairy tales.

Often apples appear in a fairy tale as healing power.

Apples are not only in fairy tales symbol of the beginning of life, but also symbol of health, youth

(“rejuvenating apples”).

The image of an apple tree and an apple is reflected in literature and painting, since its roots are in mythology and folklore.

Thus, in most myths and fairy tales, the apple has properties that were valued by people, therefore:

apple – a symbol of eternal youth and immortality (rejuvenating properties);

apple -

But it also happens like this:

apple - a symbol of temptation, the fall;

apple - portends danger;

The apple is the fruit of the tree of fate.

The study confirmed the hypothesis that the frequent occurrence of this image in myths, folk tales and even literary works and paintings is not accidental. This symbol, rooted in the history of the people, is filled with the deepest philosophical and human meaning; it is a reflection of the worldview and culture of the people, their wisdom. It is no coincidence that the image of an apple is preserved in folk traditions and culture today.

« An apple a day – no need for a doctor» ( English proverb).

« The apple bush does not live empty» ( Russian proverb)

« The apple seed knows its time» ( Russian proverb).

The wonderful pouring apple from the distant kingdom, which is hidden not far and wide, but in our memory and soul, continues to give us life-giving juices that awaken imagination, curiosity... Well, that’s why it’s rejuvenating, that’s why it’s the fruit of the tree of knowledge... Thus, if we try to generalize the meanings that the apple tree carries in the works of artists, and even earlier in fairy tales, then in the end two main ones will remain: life and youth.

List of information sources

1. Alpatov S. Russian folklore. M., 2000, 145 p.

2.Bible. Books of the Holy Scriptures of the Old and New Testaments. – Barnaul: Day, 2002.

3. Large schoolchildren's reference book. 5-11 grades. - 3rd ed., stereotype. - M.: Bustard, 2000. - 839 p.

4. Town in a snuffbox / Comp. S.Ya. Serova. - M.: Pravda, 1988. - 544 p.

5. Kun N. A. Legends and myths of Ancient Greece / - M.: Eksmo Publishing House, 2005. - 544 p.

6. Korolev K.M. Mythical creatures. Encyclopedia. M., 1997, 547 p.

7. Myths of the peoples of the world. Encyclopedia. In 2 volumes - M.: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1987.

8. Nekrasov N. A. Favorites. - M.: Fiction, 1975.

9. Persian folk tales. – M.: Nauka, 1987.

10. Pushkin A. S. Collected Works. T. 2. – M.: Pravda, 1963.

11. Russian folk tales. – M.: Assistance, 1994.

12. Russian folk tales processed by L. N. Tolstoy. – M.: Petrushka, 1993.

13. Svetlanova Yu. G. Scandinavian legends. – M.: Children's literature, 1988.

14. Nightingale T. G. Rejuvenating apples from the distant kingdom.

15. Encyclopedic dictionary of a young philologist (linguistics) / Comp. M.V. Panov - M.: Pedagogy, 1984, - 423 p.

16. Encyclopedic dictionary of a young literary critic. – M: Pedagogy, 1984. − 669 p.

17. Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language by Ushakov. http://slovari.yandex.ru/

18. Fedosov I.V. Phraseological dictionary of the Russian language. – Lipetsk: Yunves, 2004.

19. Fruit. http://ru.wikipedia.org/

20.Chemistry and life. – M.: Nauka, No. 1, 1985.

21.Apple and peel .

22.Apple tree and apples. Useful and healing (medicinal) properties of apples. 23.What are the benefits of apples? Apple treatment. http://www.inmoment.ru/

Applications

Annex 1.

Questionnaire

Dear friend!

We ask you to take part in the survey, thereby you will help in writing the work “What does the image of an apple hide?”

We ask you to answer all questions in the survey following the instructions for the questions.

Filling out the form is easy and does not require much time. Please read the question and all the suggested options for it. Circle the number of the answer that matches your opinion. If there are no ready-made answers or none of them suits you, please write your thoughts on the specially designated lines.

The value of our research will depend on how thoroughly and completely you answer all the questions. Therefore, we ask you to take filling out the questionnaire seriously and favorably.

Thank you in advance for participating in the study.

1. Do you like fairy tales?

2. Do you like apples?

3. Do you know the healing properties of apples? If yes, then list these properties.

4. Do you know the expression “rejuvenating apples”?

5. Do you know Russian folk tales and works of art in which apples appear? If yes, then name them (indicate the author).

__________________________________________________________________________

6. Have you seen “apples” in fairy tales of the peoples of the world? If yes, please list them.

_________________________________________________________________________

7. What function do “apples” perform in fairy tales?

bring people youth, health and happiness

sick people get better after eating apples

Old people who eat “apples” immediately become twenty years younger

__________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________

8. Why do you think apples are “rejuvenating” and not “aging”?

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

9. Would you like to gain immortality by eating an apple?

10. A. S. Pushkin wrote “the fairy tale is a lie, but there is a hint in it...” Is there some truth in the fairy tale about “rejuvenating apples”? Do you believe in their healing power?

____________________________________________________________________

12) Please indicate your age.

1)10-16 2)17 and more

Appendix 2

Tables No. 1 “Table for processing questionnaire data”

				Comments
	Do you like fairy tales?
	Do you like apples?
	Do you know the healing properties of apples? If yes, then list these properties.
	Do you know the expression “rejuvenating apples”?
	Do you know Russian folk tales and works of art in which “apples” appear? If yes, then name them (indicate the author).			Swan geese
	Have you ever seen “apples” in fairy tales of the peoples of the world? If yes, please list them.			I do not remember.
	What function do “apples” perform in fairy tales?			Old people who eat “rejuvenating apples” immediately become 20 years younger.
	Why do you think apples are “rejuvenating” and not “aging”?			Because they are young.
	Would you like to gain immortality by eating an apple?
	A. S. Pushkin wrote “The fairy tale is a lie, but there is a hint in it...” Is there some truth in the fairy tale about “rejuvenating apples”? Do you believe in their healing power?
	What do you think is the significance of the image of the “apple” in works?

Diagrams for processing questionnaire data

-No-Do you like apples? -1 person.

- yes - -18 people.

-No-Do you like fairy tales? -2 people.

- yes - -19 people.

Do you know the healing properties of apples?

If yes, then list these properties.

1 property: they contain iron - 73%.

2 properties: good for the eyes - -10%.

I don’t know - -17%.

Do you know Russian folk tales and works of art in which “apples” appear? If yes, then name them (indicate the author).

1 fairy tale - 5%. 2 fairy tales - 60%.

3 fairy tales - 30%. 4 fairy tales – 5%.

Would you like to gain immortality by eating an apple?

- yes - 16 people, - no - 4 people.

A. S. Pushkin wrote “The fairy tale is a lie, but there is a hint in it...” Is there some truth in the fairy tale about “rejuvenating apples”?

- yes - 12 people, - no - 8 people.

What do you think is the significance of the image of the “apple” in works?

- I don’t know - 20 people.

Appendix 3

List of fairy tales used in the study:

Russian folk tales

Italian folk tales

Georgian folk tales

German folk tales

Moldavian folk tales

Polish folk tale

"About Beautiful Elena"

Latvian folk tale

"Princess on Glass Mountain"

French folk tale

"The Magic Whistle and the Golden Apples"

Norwegian folk tale

"The Princess of Crystal Mountain"

Danish folk tale

"Golden Apple"

Bulgarian folk tales

Ukrainian folk tales

Syrian folk tale

"About Crying and Laughing Clouds"

Persian folk tale

"Yusuf Shah"

Albanian folk tale

"Beauty of the Earth"

Romanian folk tale

"Doctor Toderash"

"The Bogatyr Pryslya and the Golden Apples"

"Golden Apples and Nine Peahens"

"Death to the Fates"

"Grandfather's Daughter and the Golden Apple Tree"

“Ivan Tsarevich and the Red Maiden – Yasnaya Zvezdochka”

“Lead, light, ahead, darkness, creep behind”

"Green Basil and the Tsar's Daughter"

"Vulture Bird"

"Iron Hans"

"Golden Bird"

"White Snake"

"Ivan-Zarya"

"Five Brothers and a Sister"

"Pashkunji"

"Daughter of the Sun"

“The earth will take its toll” (philosophical meaning)

"Apple and Peel"

“The shepherd boy is a small sprout”

"The Tale of Rejuvenating Apples and Living Water"

"Swan geese"

"The Witch and the Sun's Sister"

"The Punished Princess"

"Ivan Tsarevich and the Grey Wolf"

"Khavroshechka"

"Bezruchka"

“About a silver saucer and a pouring apple”

Russian fairy tale "The Punished Princess". “The boy took out an apple, gave it to him (the young man), he took a bite of it and immediately died...”

Georgian fairy tale “The Earth will take its toll.”

Russian fairy tale "Khavryushechka". “She picked an apple and gave it to him.”

Ukrainian fairy tale "Grandfather's Daughter and the Golden Apple Tree."

Norwegian fairy tale "The Princess of Crystal Mountain".

Appendix 4

Works

Bunin "Antonov apples"

Image of an apple tree.

In S. Yesenin

“I don’t regret; I don’t call, I don’t cry, everything will pass like smoke from white apple trees... “Apple tree smoke” is the flowering of trees in the spring, when everything around is reborn to new life. “Apple tree”, “apples” - in folk poetry this is a symbol of youth , - “rejuvenating apples”, and “smoke” is a symbol of fragility, fleetingness, illusoryness.

At M. Karim

It is no coincidence that the image of an apple and an apple tree in “Pardon” appears at the moment of the acquaintance of Lubomir Zuch and Maria Teresa, because the apple and the apple tree are a symbol of Eternity, wholeness, life, eternal youth, spring, love, transitory joy, unity.

“In a garden burned to the ground with a single apple tree that miraculously jumped out of the fire, seventeen days ago an apple would not have fallen with a soft thud, and if this apple had not been picked up by a seventeen-year-old girl. The apple hit Zukh's chest, rolled off and lay nearby. He was not at all surprised, still lying on his back, he felt the apple and took a bite out of it with a crunch.”

Appendix 5

Artists

“Vera with an Apple” by Victor Reykhet

"Basket of Apples" by Paul Cezanne

"Still Life with Apples and Pomegranates" Jean Désiré Gustave Courbet.

Early morning” by Oleg Timoshin.

"Still Life with Fourteen Apples" by Cezanne

"Still Life with Apples and Oranges" Van Gogh

Still life with apples, grapes and lemon. artist KHRUTSKY Ivan Fomich

and “Still Life with Pumpkin, Pears and Apples” by Nikolai Tarkhov

Apples 1905. Grabar

Tropinin and a girl with an apple

"Eve with a Pomegranate Apple" by Johan Köhler

"Apples on the Window" by Pyotr Konchalovsky

Appendix 6

Proverbs

It has become a custom throughout the animal world that children repeat their parents...

According to the laws of nature, it should also be like this for people: as parents are, so are their children. Or as popular wisdom says:

- “The apple doesn’t fall far from the tree”

1. Like the apple tree, so are the apples. (Like the apple tree, so are the apples).

2. Like the tree, so are the apples. (Like the tree, so are the apples).

3. Like the garden, so are the apples.

4. Like the gardener, like the apple.

5. Like the apple tree, so are the apples. (Mari).

6. If you don’t grow an apple tree, you can’t eat an apple.

7. If you want an apple, take care of the apple tree. (Tatar).

8. If you want to eat an apple, plant an apple tree.

9. You sow bitter seeds, but want a sweet apple?

10. If you want a sweet apple, get a sweet apple.

11. From a good apple tree, good apples will be born.

12. If you don’t climb a tree, you won’t pick an apple.

13. Anyone who wants to pick an apple must climb a tree, right? (Italian. Sicily).

14. The apple tree will only give birth to an apple. The apple tree will give birth to an apple. (Checheno-Ingush).

15. An apple from an apple tree. And not from a pear.

16. An apple will not produce a pear from an apple tree!

17. The pear tree does not produce apples. (A pear will not produce apples.) (Turkish).

18. An apple will be born from an apple tree, and a cone will be born from a Christmas tree.

19. An apple comes from an apple tree, and a cone comes from a spruce tree. (An apple tree produces apples, and a spruce tree produces cones).

20. Apples don’t grow on spruce trees, but cones do.

21. From an apple tree comes an apple, from a spruce tree comes a cone. (Mordovian).

22. Don’t grow an apple on a Christmas tree.

23. Don’t grow an apple on a spruce tree.

24. Willow will not produce an apple.

25. Don’t expect apples from rowan trees. (Udmurt).

26. There are no apples on a pine tree.

27. Apples don’t grow on spruce. (Apples do not grow on spruce). (Karelian).

28. An aspen will not produce an apple.

29. You can’t pick an apple from an oak tree.

30. And an apple will grow on a birch tree if you take good care of it. (Ingush).

31. Apples grow on an apple tree. (Ossetian).

32. A pear does not grow on an apple tree. (Ossetian).

33. You will receive apples like from a willow tree.

34. The apple tree does not bloom all year round.

35. From the seeds of the most wonderful apple, a wild one grows.

36. No apple falls past the apple tree.

37. The apple doesn’t fall far from the tree.

38. The apple doesn’t fall far from the tree.

39. An apple will not roll far from an apple tree. (Mordovian).

40. An apple, falling, rolls towards an apple tree. (Kurdish, Assyrian).

41. The apple does not fall far from the tree. (Der Apfelf älltnichtweitvomStamm). (German).

42. The apple falls not far from the tree. (De appelvaltnietver van de boom). (Dutch).

43. The apple does not fall far from the tree . (The apple doesn't fall far from the tree).(English).

44. An apple does not fall far from the tree. (Niedalekopadajab łko od jab łoni). (Polish).

45. The apple falls not far from the tree. (Äpplet faller ejl ångtfr åntr ädet ). (French).

46. ​​The apple never falls far from the tree. (Japanese).

47. The apple doesn’t fall far from the tree. (Apples and apples are not far away). (Ukrainian).

48. The apple is not far from the cherry.

49. An apple does not fall from an apple tree to the root of a spruce tree. (Udmurt).

50. Apparently the apple fell not far from the tree.

51. An apple is not a penguin; it will not fly far from the apple tree.

52. An apple did not come from an apple tree out of nowhere.

53. The apple falls not far from the tree.

54. An apple cannot run away from an apple tree into the forest! (German).

55. People love an apple tree for its apples, a bee for its honey.

56. If there is a bee on the flower, there will be an apple on the table.

57. Every apple strives to become an apple tree.

58. The apple tree is crooked, but the apples are sweet. (The tree is crooked, but the apples are sweet).

59. Bough and crookedness, but apples are a draft.

60. There are no more apples than stems. (Kyrgyz).

61. The apple bush does not live empty.

62. The thieves broke off all the branches that even the apples were not worth it.

If you've eaten your fill of fruit, don't break the branches.

63. There is nowhere for the apple(s) to fall.

64. It’s so crowded that there’s nowhere for an apple to fall.

65. Apples with apples. (English).

66. It was a good apple.

67. It’s warm there, there are apples.

68. Garden, honey, poured, crumbly. (Apples).

69. Without tasting the apple, they don’t throw it away.

70. Apples are always sweeter in someone else's garden!

71. In someone else’s garden there are more apples and sweeter strawberries.

72. Your neighbor’s apples always seem tastier.

73. The neighbors’ apples are sweeter.

74. Stolen apples taste better.

76. A stolen apple is sweeter than its own.

77. I dream about pickled sorrel and an apple.

78. Soaked apples for a refined taste!

79. A rosy apple praises itself. (Japanese).

80. Not every apple is sweet. (Finnish).

81. Ripe an apple and fall right into my mouth. (Uzbek).

82. A ripe apple falls on its own, but not necessarily into your mouth. (Chinese).

83. Take an apple for food, a pear for taste, and bite off a plum and throw it away. (Checheno-Ingush).

84. Even from the same apple tree, apples are not equally sweet. (Digorskaya).

85. Don’t buy apples in a row, buy them to choose from.

86. Like biting into a sour apple.

87. You will also have to eat sour apples. (Estonian).

88. He who does not bite a sour apple will not set his teeth on edge.

89. To us, a turnip is as good as an apple. (The turnip looks like an apple to us).

90. Eat a carrot if there is no apple.

91. Don't compare apples with pears. (German).

92. Getting tired of stewed apples means getting tired of life.

93. Apples among fruits are like potatoes among vegetables.

94. Apples on bread - a schoolboy in seventh heaven.

95. If an apple fell into my mouth, I would eat it.

96. Hurry up, apple, and put it in your mouth.

Nice on the outside, but rotten on the inside.

97. That apple tree did not grow without the worms whittling it away. (That apple did not grow so that the worms would not sharpen it).

98. The apple is ruddy, but there is a wormhole inside. (Kurdish).

99. A beautiful apple is often wormy.

100. The apple is red, but with a wormhole. (German).

101. A wormhole is not a reproach for a red apple. (The wormhole is not a reproach for the red apple.)

102. Many red apples have a worm inside. (Latvian).

103. A spot on a fresh apple is not a reproach.

104. The most delicious apple is the one with the speck. (French).

105. Ripe apples do not last long.

106. A rotten apple infects another. (German).

107. A rotten apple spoils its neighbors. (A rotten apple spoils its neighbors). (English).

108. There are at least a couple of bad apples in every barrel.

109. One rotten apple can spoil a whole basket of ripe apples. (One rotten apple spoils the whole barrel). (English).

110. One spoiled apple causes the whole cart to rot. (One spoiled apple causes a whole cart to rot.)

111. One rotten apple causes the whole cart to rot. (EinfaulerApfelmachtzehnfaule Äpfel). (German).

112. Every rotten apple in the basket is an enemy to the rest of the apples. (English).

113. One rotten apple will spoil a whole bag of good apples. (Mountain Jewish).

114. If among the good apples there is at least one rotten one, it will spoil all the others. (Georgian).

115. Don't choose from rotten apples. (French).

116. In every tub of ripe apples there is one rotten one.

117. In every barrel there are at least a couple of bad apples. (English)

118. In order to find out that an apple is rotten, you don’t have to eat it whole.

119. If you want to taste a non-wormy apple, pick it from your apple tree.

120. And on a healthy apple tree there are rotten apples. (Ukrainian).

121. And rotten apples fall from good apple trees.

122. One apple on the tree, and even that one is rotten. (Georgian).

123. A wormy apple on a branch - until the first wind.

124. He who tastes a ripe, juicy apple will not eat a rotten and wormy one.

125. A bad apple doesn’t even have worms.

126. The sweetest of apples will be the first to be affected by rotting and spoilage. (Eastern).

127. The outside of the apple is red, but there may be worms inside. (Kurdish).

128. A ripe apple can become rotten, but a rotten one cannot become ripe and sweet. (Eastern wisdom).

129. Having bitten an apple, it is always more pleasant to see a whole worm in it than a half. (Irish).

All of Europe is talking about the Michurin hybrid.

130. The apple seed knows its time.

131. A ripe apple falls from the tree itself.

132. A ripe apple falls from the tree itself. (Ukrainian).

133. A healthy apple does not fall from the branch.

134. Don’t pick an apple while it’s green: when it’s ripe, it will fall off on its own. (Don’t shake the apples while they’re green: when they’re ripe, they’ll fall off on their own.)

135. Don’t reach for an apple that you can’t reach—pretend it’s green.

136. An apple removed without time is sour. (Moksha).

137. An apple that is picked does not grow back. (Checheno-Ingush).

139. Sell wine for apples, buy for cheese. (Apples decorate the taste of wine, cheese, on the contrary, emphasizes both the advantages and disadvantages of the drink. Applicable only to inexpensive wines). (French).

140. On an apple tree - apples, on a stump - honey mushrooms.

141. A young horse in apples, an old one in mustard. (The young horse (gray) is covered in apples, and the old horse is covered in mustard).

142. An apple is good while it’s in juice, airak and tarak are good while they’re fresh. (Buryat).

An apple on a plate.

143. Girl - like your apple.

144. The girl thinks that an apple is in heaven.

145. My red berry, my plump apple.

146. Nobody needs a bitten apple. (About maiden honor).

147. You can’t lure him out even with a golden apple. (Lithuanian).

148. A man and a woman are two halves of one apple.

149. A stone from the hand of a loved one looks like an apple. (Arabic).

150. Women are like apples. The most delicious ones hang at the very top of the tree. (Danish).

151. Touch your wife and apple only tenderly. (Jonka and apples, cut just a little bit). (Belarusian).

152. The soul is not an apple, you cannot divide it.

153. How can you judge the taste of an apple without ever trying it?

154. Present the golden apple on a silver platter. (Good gift or news).

155. How devils divide apples (i.e. fight).

156. The pig eats the best apple (Der hazer est oifdosbesteepale). (Yiddish).

157. Married an old woman - don’t forget to eat an apple before going to bed. (Old English. An apple in those days was considered one of the simplest means to cause an erection).

158. An apple on an apple tree means you’re with me, a ring on your hand means I’m with you.

159. There are gingerbread cookies in the hands, apples in the cheeks.

Not in the eyebrow, but in the eye.

160. You can’t fence an apple with fear.

161. He who carries apples eats apples. (Dutch).

162. Not everything that is round is an apple. (Armenian).

163. Right on the bull's eye. (Japanese).

164. You cannot hold two apples in one palm. (Georgian).

165. The right word spoken at the right time is like a golden apple in silver filigree. (A well-spoken word is like a golden apple in a silver pattern). (Bible. Proverbs 25:11).

166. A quarrel is like an apple tree: just shake it and it will fall on your head. (Afghan)

167. He arched his back like a hedgehog going for apples. (English).

168. The apple hung there, useless to anyone, until someone extended a hand to it.

169. Only a slave, when he is ordered to do so, should assert that apples grow on an oak tree. (Georgian).

170. The apple tree does not ask the beech tree how to grow fruit, and the lion does not ask the horse how to catch its prey. (An apple tree never asks a beech tree how to grow, a lion never asks a horse what to do with its prey). (The apple tree never asks the beech how he shall grow, nor the lion. the horse; how he shall take his prey).(William Blake: Proverbs of Hell).

171. An apple is known by its taste, a flower is known by its smell, and a Christian is known by its good deeds. (A flower is known by its smell, an apple by its taste, a Christian by its good deeds).

172. They love a fruitful apple tree, and a businesslike person.

173. Red apples do not grow for the wolf.

174. Don’t teach an apple tree to bear fruit; it’s better to drive pigs away from it.

175. If I have an apple and you have an apple, then each of us has one apple. But if you have an idea and I have an idea, then each of us has two ideas. (American).

176. There are many apples on the tree of success, but if you managed to conquer New York, you got a big apple. (American proverb among jazz musicians).

177. No one can taste the apple for you. (English).

178. Don’t offer the conductor an apple, he expects something else from you. (German).

179. There is nowhere for an apple core to fall - it will hit one of your own.

180. If you steal an apple, you will be put in prison; if you steal a railroad, you will be made a senator. (American).

181. If the chief takes an apple from the gardener, his soldiers will uproot all the trees. (Persian).

182. Don't be an apple, be a tomato. (Korean).

God is not Timoshka, he sees a little.

183. It is not the apple that Krishna desires that is the largest and ruddy, nor the one that is small and rotten, but the one in the middle! (For the Hindus).

184. Adam listened to Eve and ate the apple.

185. If Adam was tempted by an apple, what could he do for a plate of tortellini? (If Adam was tempted by an apple, I wonder what he would do for a plate of pasta?). (Italian.Bologna).

186. It is a sin to eat mandrake apples. (Raskolniks about potatoes).

187. On the Forerunner they do not chop cabbage, do not cut poppies, do not dig potatoes, do not tear apples, do not pick up a mower, an ax, or a spade. (Mesyatseslov).

The Savior has come - it’s time: the fruits are ripening.

188. Don’t put an apple in your mouth until the Savior.

189. The Savior brings us apples and honey.

190. The Savior came and set my teeth on edge. (From green apples).

191. The Savior came and brought me an apple.

193. The Second Savior breaks his fast with an apple.

194. Second Savior - picks ripe apples.

195. The month of August smells of apples.

197. Do not eat apples until the Second Savior; in the next world they will not give you apples from the Garden of Eden.

198. Whoever eats apples before the Second Savior will not be given an apple from the Garden of Eden in the next world.

199. On the Feast of the Transfiguration of the Lord, even a beggar will eat an apple.

200. On the second day, the Savior and the beggar will eat an apple.

201. On the second Savior, apples and honey are blessed.

202. Apple saved - eat now and in reserve.

203. If apples are not born, there will be no Savior.

204. The first Savior - they stand on the water, the second Savior - they eat apples, the third Savior - they sell canvases. (Mesyatseslov).

206. On Apple Spas, a dry day means dry autumn, a rainy day means damp, and a clear day means harsh autumn.

Pain is looking for a doctor.

207. We can eat any ailment with an apple.

208. Eat apples in the morning and you won’t go to the doctors.

209. An apple for lunch - and all diseases are gone. (An apple for lunch and no illnesses). (English).

210. An apple for dinner – and you don’t need a doctor.

211. An apple for dinner – no need for a doctor. (American).

212.

213. By eating an apple after a meal, an old man becomes stronger than a young guy. (Chinese).

214. A house where they eat apples does not need a doctor. (Chinese).

215. A good doctor's apple is worth it.

216. In the morning an apple is a rose to the heart! In the morning, a pear is poison to the heart! (Eastern).

217. An apple a day and a doctor on the side. (French).

218. He who eats an apple a day never sees a doctor. (English).

219. One apple a day drives the doctor through the door. (One apple a day - and no doctors needed). (English).

220. Every day, by eating an apple, you save on the doctor.

221. One apple a day drives the doctor away. (One apple in the morning and you won’t go to the doctors).

222. Eat an apple a day and you will forget about doctors forever. (One apple a day and you will live long).

223. One apple a day means doctors are out of work. (German).

224. Where there are apples on the table, there is no need for a doctor.

225. To eat an apple without wiping it is to invite the unclean. (English).

226. One apple a day and the doctor is at the door. (Unamela al giornolevaildottore di torno).(Italian).

Without labor there is no fruit.

227. Born among apples - bananas will not help.

228. Don’t be as sweet as an apple; whoever takes you, everyone will eat you; Don’t be sour like a plum, everyone will take a bite and leave you. (Checheno-Ingush).

229. Antonovka in Russian gardening is like rye in field cultivation.

230. A journalist is like an apple, ripening on straw. (Polish).

231. A word spoken at the right time is like a golden apple in a silver skin.

232. The pear is for me, the apple is for me, and the quince is what my heart wants. (Armenian).

233. Don't mix apples and oranges. (English).

234. Place the apples separately, in order.

235. Search for apples. (To dig for apples). (English).

236. You cannot compare a pear with an apple. (If we're going to compare, it's not apples to pears). (German).

237. You need to compare oranges with oranges, and apples with apples. (Oranges are not compared to apples). (American).

238. As similar as an apple to an oyster. (As like as an apple to an oyster).(English).

239. Apples separately, boxes separately. (German. They never mix work and leisure, serious activities and frivolous ones).

240. The apple cart will overturn. (Top over the apple cart).

(Upset old apple cart). (English. It means that when the apples roll, they cannot be put back in the same order; i.e. the meaning of the saying is the irreversibility of the event).

241. If the gringos are given a basket of apples, they will give you diarrhea and they will rob you while you are sitting in the toilet; Or you will have to buy medicine for diarrhea from them. (Latin American).

242. Halloween without apples is like a witch without a broom. (American).

243. Eggs and apples. (Abovousque ad mala). (Latin. In this order the dinner party of that time took place. From beginning to end. From “A” to “Z”).

244. A goose with apples is not a friend to a pig with buckwheat porridge.

245. To be tired of stewed apples is to be tired of life. (English).

246. If you give an accountant Excel, he will add elephants to apples!

247. Only God and the McGillens can grow real “sweet hash” apples. (American).

248. Chungju means apple, and apple means Chungju. (Korea. Local saying).

249. In the lower part of Moldova there is millet, and in the upper part there are apples without skin. (Moldavian. Ie widely used, important, desirable plants).

250. Meat pies with apples. (Joking comment about something absurd; what the hell, some kind of nonsense).

251. Isn't it terrible for the apple when you eat an apple?

Variants of sayings on the topic of apple and health.

1. An apple a day and a doctor on the side.

Eating an apple a day means you won’t have any illnesses for a century.

An apple a day and you won’t need a doctor.

There is no need for a doctor in a house where they eat apples.

Where there are apples on the table, there is no need for a doctor.

If you eat one apple a day, you will never need doctors.

If you eat one apple every day, you can forget about doctors.

If you eat at least one apple a day, you will forget the way to the doctor.

Eat an apple a day and you will never need a doctor.

Eat an apple a day and you won't need a doctor.

Eat apples every day and forget about doctors.

Eat an apple a day and you will forget about doctors forever.

An apple every day - and you don’t need a doctor at all.

Every day, by eating an apple, you save on the doctor.

Anyone who eats an apple a day never sees a doctor.

Anyone who eats a couple of apples a day does not need doctors.

Anyone who eats an apple a day never sees a doctor.

Anyone who eats an apple a day never sees a doctor.

Eat an apple a day and you won't need a doctor.

We can eat any ailment with an apple.

One apple a day keeps doctors out of work.

One apple a day and the doctor will forget the way to your house.

One apple a day drives the doctor away.

One apple a day drives the doctor through the door.

One apple a day and the doctor is at the door.

One apple in the morning and you won’t go to the doctors. One apple a day and you will live long.

One apple a day and you won’t have to go to the doctor.

One apple a day - and no doctors needed.

One apple a day - and no doctors needed.

One apple a day - no problem.

One apple a day drives the doctor out of the yard.

One apple a day saves you from visiting the doctor.

One apple a day helps you live without a doctor.

One apple a day can save you from visiting doctors.

One apple in the morning - all the doctors are from the yard.

One apple in the morning, one in the evening - and you don't need a doctor.

It's an apple a day and you won't need a doctor.

An apple a day – and you don’t need a doctor.

An apple a day and the disease will go away.

An apple a day and no need to visit doctors.

An apple a day - and you will do without a doctor.

An apple a day – and you don’t need a doctor.

An apple a day – and you don’t need a doctor.

An apple for dinner and you don't need a doctor.

By eating an apple after a meal, the old man becomes stronger than the young guy.

Eat a couple of apples a day and you will be healthy.

Eat an apple a day and you won't need a doctor.

Eat an apple before bed and you will leave the doctor without bread.

Eat an apple a day and you will live disease-free until old age.

Eat an apple a day and you will live disease-free until old age.

Eat an apple a day and the doctor will forget the way to you.

Eat one apple a day and you won't need a doctor.

By eating an apple a day, you no longer need to go to the doctor.

In the morning an apple is a rose to the heart! In the morning, pear is poison to the heart.

A good doctor's apple is worth it.

Eat apples in the morning and you won’t go to the doctors.

An apple a day and no doctors needed.

An apple a day and you don't need a doctor.

An apple in the night and the doctors away.

An apple a day – a doctor from the yard.

An apple a day and you don't need a doctor.

An apple a day will keep you away from doctors.

An apple a day keeps the doctor away.

An apple for lunch - and all diseases are gone.

An apple for lunch and no illnesses.

An apple for dinner - no need for a doctor.

Appendix 7

Symbol	The image of an apple in mythology	The image of an apple in fairy tales	The image of an apple in the works of writers and poets
Apple- a symbol of eternal youth and immortality (rejuvenating properties)	Svetlanova Yu. G. Scandinavian legends	Russian folk tale "The Witch and the Sun's Sister"; Russian folk tale “On rejuvenating apples and living water”; German fairy tale “Vulture Bird”; German fairy tale "The White Snake"; Georgian fairy tale “Five Brothers and a Sister”; Armenian fairy tale “Apples of Immortality”; Russian fairy tale “The Punished Princess”;	Nightingale T. G. “Rejuvenating apples from the distant kingdom”; G. Wells “Apple”;
apple– the fruit of the tree of life, the tree of knowledge (affects the fate of heroes, a symbol of the beginning of life, a symbol of prosperity).			F. Schiller “William Tell”;

Symbol	The image of an apple in mythology	The image of an apple in fairy tales	The image of an apple in the works of writers and poets
apple– the fruit of the tree of life, the tree of knowledge (affects the fate of heroes, a symbol of the beginning of life, a symbol of prosperity).		12 labors of Hercules. "Apples of the Hesperides"; Italian fairy tale "The Apple and the Peel"; Georgian fairy tale “Ivan-Dawn”;	“The Tale of the Dead Princess and the Seven Knights” by A.S. Pushkin; F. Schiller “William Tell”;
apple – symbol of temptation, fall		Scripture Genesis 3:1-6 “The Expulsion of Adam and Eve from Paradise”; Gypsy fairy tale "Magic Tales";
Apple- symbol of a sign of love for each other		Latvian fairy tale “The Princess on the Glass Mountain”; German fairy tale "Iron Hans"; French fairy tale “The Magic Whistle and the Golden Apples”; Russian folk tale "Bezruchka";	M. Karim “Pardon; Sergey Orlov “Apple Tree”; Alexander Prokofiev “Apple tree in a minefield.”
Apple – fruit of the tree		Romanian fairy tale “The Hero Pryslya and the Golden Apples”; Bulgarian fairy tale “Golden apples and nine peahens”; German fairy tale “Golden Apples”; Danish folk tale "Golden Apple"; Russian fairy tale "Khavroshechka"	V. Suteev “Sack of Apples”; N. Golovanova “Delicious apples”; V. A. Zhukovsky “The Tale of Ivan Tsarevich and the Gray Wolf”; I. Bunin “Antonov apples”;
apple – portends danger		Romanian folk tale "Doctor Toderash"; Russian folk tale "Kashchei the Immortal"
Apple – symbol of discord	Trojan cycle "Pelius and Thetis"; Myths of Ancient Greece “The Judgment of Paris”;	Kurdish fairy tale “The Apple of Discord”;
apple- fruit of the tree of fate		"Grandfather's Daughter and the Golden Apple Tree";	N.A. Nekrasov “Who Lives Well in Rus'”;
Apple– landmark on the road		Georgian fairy tale "Daughter of the Sun"; Russian folktale “The Tale of the Silver Saucer and the Filled Apple”; Ukrainian fairy tale “Ivan Tsarevich and the Red Maiden”; Russian folktale "Swan geese";

Applications 8

Peter Paul Rubens "The Trial" Parisa»

Alexandre Cabanel

Expulsion of Adam And Eve from Raya.

Masaccio Burne-Jones "The Sinister Head"

AND expulsion from paradise.

Botticelli “Spring”

Lucas Cranach the Elder “The Golden Age”

R aphael. “Portrait of a young man with an apple”

V.L. Borovikovsky

“Portrait of Skobeeva”

MM. de Caravaggio “Fruit Basket”.

D. Zhilinsky “Under the old apple tree.”

Evgeniy Ivanovich KrasnikovApple trees V blossom.

J. Gossaert “The Fall” V. Titian “Adam and Eve”

F. Bellini “Madonna and Child”

P. Rubens “Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden”

“Vera with an Apple” Bagrov V.Yu. "Apple Spas.

IN iktor Reykhet

Grabar

Cezanne Paul F.V.Sychkov Peasants picking apples. Goncharov.

AND Ukovsky "The Tale of Ivan Tsarevich and the Gray Wolf"

peel

1 Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language by Ushakov. http://slovari.yandex.ru/

2 Fruit. http://ru.wikipedia.org/

3 Apple tree and apples. Useful and healing (medicinal) properties of apples. What are the benefits of apples? Apple treatment. http://www.inmoment.ru/

4 Apple and peel . Fairy tales. Italian fairy tales. http://www.detki.biz/

5 See: P.127. Town in a snuffbox / Comp., introductory article. and approx. S.Ya. Serova. - M.: Pravda, 1988. - 544 p.

The bright, transparent depths of the folk language reflect more than just the nature of the native country,
but also the whole history of the spiritual life of the people.

The image of an apple in literature

• Introduction

Who among us doesn’t like or hasn’t read fairy tales? They are liked not only by children, but also by adults, since in wonderful fairy-tale events you can see a lot from our real life, you can find answers to some important questions, you can simply forget about problems and imagine yourself in an amazing world full of miracles, secrets and magic , and understand that the fairy tale is very close, it is nearby. Fairy-tale heroes (Ivan the Fool, the Golden Fish, Baba Yaga, Tsarevna-Nesmeyana, etc.) are so familiar to us from childhood that they have become common nouns: we say “thin like Koschey the Immortal”, “lazy like Emelya”, “greedy like old woman from A. S. Pushkin’s fairy tale.”

The language of fairy tales is so bright, expressive, and imaginative! Despite its apparent simplicity, understandable even to small children, everything in fairy tales is not accidental, everything has a special meaning and keeps a secret.

I decided to look into this secret and try to reveal it. My research is devoted to a little-studied fairy-tale image - an apple. Bullseye " liquid, young, golden...", rejuvenating apples: "... If a person eats an apple, he will instantly become younger...», « whoever catches the apple will be the groom for the princess», «… roll the apple and follow it, it will lead you where you need to go..." But sometimes this apple is different: “... picked an apple, ate it, and at the same moment horns grew on his head…», «… The princess bit into the apple and died immediately…»

Why is it the apple, and not another fruit, that is most often found in fairy tales? What is behind this symbol? Is this image accidental or not? Maybe he plays some special role in the lives and destinies of the heroes? Where are its roots? Is there a sequel?

I think that my research is interesting not only to me, it has certain significance.

• Since the image of an apple has not been studied enough, this study will help determine its meaning and significance.

• The results of the work can be used by both teachers and students in literature lessons when studying fairy tales and myths.

• In addition, the study can be continued when analyzing modern literary works.

Novelty of the research

Starting point of the study

Myths (5), fairy tales (35), works of classics in which this image is mentioned were analyzed (V. A. Zhukovsky “The Tale of Ivan Tsarevich and the Gray Wolf”, A. S. Pushkin “The Tale of the Dead Princess and the seven heroes”, N. A. Nekrasov “Who Lives Well in Rus'”)

Purpose of the study

Hypothesis

Research stages:

Materials used in the research process:

• Dictionaries

• Journal "Chemistry and Life"

• Texts of myths, fairy tales, works of classics.

• Reproductions of paintings

• Nightingale T. G. Rejuvenating apples from the distant kingdom. // Literature lessons.

II. Main part

• The image of an apple in mythology

I began my research by reading myths.

The apple has long been included in the myths of the peoples of the world, and this suggests that it, like the egg, is associated with the worldview of ancient man. Ancient people, indeed, put a certain meaning into this image. The almost ideal round shape was associated with ideas about the world, the Universe, and space; golden delicate color, “blush” of an apple - with beauty, health and youth; smooth satiny skin that hides the juicy fruit - with mystery and richness; sweetness and aroma - with pleasure and enjoyment.

It is not surprising that many peoples saw an extraordinary fruit in the apple - the fruit of the tree of life. And the tree of life in the myths of almost all peoples is at the same time the world tree, that is, the axis of the world, the Universe... It is here, under the world tree, that human destinies are decided, under it the gods gather for great councils, people come here for advice and knowledge, here they seek immortality and health. And such a tree in myths was most often an apple tree. And even if it is not an apple tree, then the fruits of the tree of the world are always apples.

“...On the edge of the world, near the banks of the Ocean River, the ancient Greeks placed a wonderful garden with golden apples that belonged to the goddess Hera. Golden apples give eternal youth, and therefore Hera entrusted them to the dragon Ladon and the nymph sisters Hesperides to guard them. Hercules managed to steal these wonderful apples - this was his twelfth labor. And although Eurystheus gave the apple to the hero, and Hercules, in turn, to Athena, they again returned to the Hesperides, for these beautiful fruits should always remain in the treasured garden. Eternity and immortality are the lot of the gods.” ( Hercules in the service of Eurystheus. Feat 12 - “Apples of the Hesperides”)

Only the souls of the righteous and heroes ended up in the extraordinary apple orchards of the ancient Greek paradise.

The modest and quiet Scandinavian goddess Idunn is the owner of a magical basket filled with apples of youth. She treats the gods with them and they are full of strength and blooming beauty. The basket is never empty. The apples of youth are the envy of the giants, and one day they stole the basket. But the apples still had to be returned ( Scandinavian myths).

The apple tree and apple in many myths are associated with paradise or the Garden of Eden. The old name of the apple tree “silver bough” comes from the belief that apples grow on silver branches and have the properties of immortality. In addition, they believe that apples can feed the souls of the dead.

IN Bible The apple becomes a symbol of the fall of mankind, and it is depicted in the hands of Adam or Eve. The apple was a forbidden fruit, but Eve not only picked the apple and tried it herself, but also gave it to Adam. The consequence was expulsion from paradise to Earth and the entire long and difficult journey of humanity. Thus, the apple played a fatal role here.

Let us also recall the apple of discord from ancient myths. The goddess of discord Eris, offended by the gods, stole one of the apples of the Hesperides (giving immortality). And with the inscription “To the most beautiful” she threw it at the wedding feast. Hera, Athena and Aphrodite began to argue, each claiming this apple. A quarrel broke out about who owns the apple. This dispute was resolved by the shepherd, Prince Paris, by awarding the apple to Aphrodite, which subsequently served as the cause of the long, bloody Trojan War, in which many glorious warriors died. ( Trojan cycle. "Pelius and Thetis")

Thus, we can distinguish the following meanings of the image of an apple in myths:

• apple - a symbol of eternal youth and immortality;
• apple - a symbol of discord, the fall, or a symbol that determines the life of a hero;
• apple tree - tree of life, knowledge.

Confirmation of these conclusions can also be found in works of painting. On canvases and frescoes, artists often depicted heavenly apple orchards (V. Titian “Adam and Eve”, P. Rubens “Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden”, etc.), the apple on many canvases is a symbol of the Fall (J. Gossaert “The Fall” ), often an apple next to the infant Christ (F. Bellini “Madonna and Child”, etc.). The study of paintings can become a continuation of the study of the meaning of a given image.

• The image of an apple in fairy tales

The next huge layer of the people's literary heritage is fairy tales. It is in fairy tales that all aspirations and hopes are reflected; it is in fairy tales that one can judge a culture.

Not only Russian folk tales, but also tales of the peoples of the world were subjected to research. And it is quite obvious that the optimistic and bright nature of the apple, laid down by myths (immortality, health, beauty, wealth), was continued in folk tales, where the apple appears primarily as the fruit of life and immortality.

Many nations often repeat the motif of the long-awaited birth of a child thanks to an eaten apple, as for example in Italian fairy tale "The Apple and the Peel". ... The nobleman’s family had no children for a long time. One day he met a wizard on the street.

“- Signor wizard, what should we do? We really want a son.

The wizard handed him an apple and said:

Give this apple to your wife, and in exactly nine months she will give birth to a wonderful boy.”

The prediction came true, but two boys appeared: “one belongs to the noble lady who ate the peeled apple, and the other belongs to the servant who ate the peel. The maid is as ruddy as an apple peel, and the lady is as pale as a peeled apple.”

IN Georgian fairy tale “Ivan the Dawn”"The river brings apples as a gift to a childless family: " As soon as she filled the jug to the top, she saw that the river was carrying three apples. She liked the apples, she reached for them, took them out and took them home. She gave one to her husband, ate the other herself, and shared the third equally with her husband.”. And then three sons were born to her.

Very often in fairy tales, an apple is not only a symbol of the beginning of life, but also of health and youth.

In Russian folk tales there is an interesting plot about rejuvenating apples: “The king was very old and his eyes were poor, but he heard that far away, in the thirtieth kingdom, there is a garden with rejuvenating apples and a well with living water...” (« The Tale of Rejuvenating Apples and Living Water").

We also see rejuvenating apples, which help you look younger and get rid of illness, in other fairy tales. “(Solntsev’s sister) let him go home to visit and gave him a brush, a comb and two rejuvenating apples for the journey: no matter how old a person is, if he eats an apple, he will instantly become younger.”(Russian folk tale "The Witch and the Sun's Sister"). “...As soon as she tasted these apples, she instantly recovered and jumped out of bed.” (German fairy tale "The Vulture Bird"). “The children took the eyeballs, brought them to their mother, put them on the eye sockets, and the mother received her sight.” (Georgian fairy tale “Five Brothers and a Sister”).

The story about the healing properties of apples is very popular in fairy tales.

But in German fairy tale "The White Snake" The golden apple from the tree of life also gives love: “They divided the apple of life and ate it together: and her heart was filled with love for him, they lived in serene happiness until they were very old.”

The ability of an apple to evoke love is also reflected in the folk tradition of decorating brides with apple tree flowers.

We encounter the ancient custom of throwing apples as a symbol and sign of love for each other in fairy tales of many peoples of the world. “The fool galloped and flew up the mountain. He threw the diamond apple into the princess's lap..." (Latvian fairy tale “The Princess on the Glass Mountain”). “The princess came out and threw a golden apple to the knights...” (German fairy tale "Iron Hans"). “The princess brought golden apples in a basket: “Whoever catches it will be the groom!” - she said" (French fairy tale "The Magic Whistle and the Golden Apples").

In some fairy tales, the apple is not thrown, it must be snatched by force from the betrothed.

“Whoever rides to the top of Crystal Mountain three times on horseback and snatches the golden apple from the hands of the king’s daughter three times, the king gives her as his wife...”

In Slavic fairy tales, the plot also changes slightly: the apple is not thrown or pulled out, but is also presented to the betrothed.

“I saw fresh apples in the garden and began to touch the girls: “Girls, beauties, the one of you who brings me an apple will marry me.”

And in a touching Russian fairy tale "Bezruchka" the unfortunate heroine, having tasted the golden apple, became the owner's bride.

An interesting detail is related to the gardens where golden apples grow. In myths, wonderful apple trees grow either at the edge of the earth or in the afterlife and belong to gods or supernatural beings (remember: “...at the edge of the world, along the banks of the Ocean River...”, the garden is guarded by the dragon Ladon and the Hesperides...). In fairy tales, apple trees are close to the human world and their owners are kings, who act as guardians of a magical, sacred tree. The kings themselves sometimes don’t even eat apples. This is a symbol of wealth. “The king valued the apple tree as if it were his own eyes, and he did not pick the apples himself, nor did he give them to others.” (Georgian fairy tale "Pashkunji"). “In that garden there grew a tree on which there were golden apples. When the apples were ripe, they were counted..." (German fairy tale "The Golden Bird").

And since wealth and prosperity are connected with the innermost dreams and aspirations of the people, the description of apples is always vivid and poetic: “And that apple tree was not an ordinary one: in the morning the leaves blossomed, at noon the branches were covered with color, every other day the fruits were full, and they were so sweet, tasty and juicy - you could swallow your tongue.” (Moldavian fairy tale “Leisya, light, ahead, darkness, creep behind”)

That's why apples are often stolen. This motif is also popular in folk tales.

Most often, birds become mysterious apple thieves. “...He (the prince) sees that the Firebird has sat on the apple tree and is pecking at the golden apples.” (Russian fairy tale "Ivan Tsarevich and the Gray Wolf"). Sometimes monsters or snakes become apple thieves, as in Romanian fairy tale “The Hero Pryslya and the Golden Apples.” Sometimes the birds that fly to the apple tree are enchanted princesses. And often, one of them becomes the prince’s bride, leaving him an apple as collateral ( Bulgarian fairy tale “Golden apples and nine peahens”). Sometimes a feather lost from an apple tree by the Firebird opens up a world of amazing adventures, where the hero manages to get all the blessings of life: a horse, wealth, a beauty, etc. ( Russian fairy tale “Ivan Tsarevich and the Gray Wolf”, German fairy tale “The Golden Bird”).

Thus, the apple tree with golden fruits again acts as the tree of fate (the tree of life - in myths), on which well-being, love, the birth of people, life, and perhaps punishment depend.

The image of an apple tree and its fruit as a fortune teller is also interesting in fairy tales. “An apple rolls on a saucer, a pouring one on a silver saucer, and on the saucer all the cities are visible one after another, ships on the seas and shelves in the fields...” (Russian fairy tale “The Tale of the Silver Saucer and the Filled Apple”). This ability of the apple again recalls its connection with both the tree of knowledge and the tree of life.

An apple can lead to the right place: “His wife gave him an apple and said: “Roll this apple and follow him, it will lead you where you need to…” (Georgian fairy tale “Daughter of the Sun”); an apple can feed and cheer, as in

Ukrainian fairy tale “Ivan Tsarevich and the Red Maiden”, can become a magical talisman that revives a treasure ( Bulgarian fairy tale “Death to the Fates”).

But an apple and an apple tree can also bring trouble: grief, illness, death (in myths this is the apple of discord, the fruit of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil).

“Ivanushka picked an apple, and at that very moment horns grew on his head...”

Thus, if we try to generalize the meanings that the apple tree and apples carry in fairy tales, we can distinguish two main ones:

• life and youth;
• a dangerous temptation.

We highlighted these meanings in myths.

• The image of an apple in literature

The “apple tree” image is inevitably reflected in literary fairy tales, since its roots are in folklore and mythology. All these are reflections of one thing - worldview.

Remember, in A.S. Pushkin’s "The Tale of the Dead Princess and the Seven Knights":

“And to the princess a liquid,

Young, golden

The apple is flying straight...

Full of ripe juice,

So fresh and so fragrant

So ruddy and golden

It’s like it’s filled with honey!

You can see the seeds right through..."

How juicy and appetizing the insidious apple is described, which one so wants to try, which is what the gullible princess did - and died. Why did our favorite poet choose an apple to carry out the evil plans of his stepmother? Of course, Pushkin knew that the apple is a philosophical image, a symbol of temptation. The apple in his tale is traditionally folkloric, it is the fruit of the tree of knowledge.

The image of an apple is also found in creativity V. A. Zhukovsky (“The Tale of Ivan Tsarevich and the Gray Wolf”).

“...Sitting on an apple tree, the Firebird

I got down to business and picked it up

About a dozen apples..."

Again we have before us the image of an apple and a feather lost from the apple tree by the Firebird, which opens the hero to a world of adventure, helping him obtain the blessings of life: wealth, a beautiful bride. The apple tree here again acts as a tree of fate, on which well-being and love depend.

Russian folk traditions associated with the apple tree and apples are widely reflected in Russian literature ( N. A. Nekrasov. Poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'”):

“It’s been twenty years since Demushka

Turf blanket

Covered - it’s all a pity from the heart!

I pray for him, in the mouth of an apple

I don’t take it to the Savior.”

The author recalls the ritual associated with the apple Savior, which begins in mid-August. It was from the day of the Savior that it was allowed to eat garden apples. There was a belief that whoever eats an apple before the Savior, his dead children will not receive an apple in heaven. On this day, tables with fruits were placed around churches, which, after being blessed by the priest, were donated to the poor. This is where the saying comes from: “On the second day, even a beggar will eat an apple.”

All of the above shows that the popularity of the image of an apple in literature in Russia is not accidental.

Or maybe the popularity of the apple depends on its beneficial properties. It is believed that the apple is a symbol of health and restoration of vitality. We find an explanation for this in the encyclopedic dictionary. “Apple - (botan.) - a juicy, usually multi-seeded, indehiscent plant fruit.” “Apple peel contains up to 30% waxes, and the wax contains ursolic acid. This substance has an active biological effect, stimulates the heart, exhibits antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties."(magazine "Chemistry and Life", 1981, No. 12).

• Conclusion

Thus, in most myths and fairy tales, the apple has properties that were valued by people, therefore:

• apple - a symbol of eternal youth and immortality (rejuvenating properties);

• apple - the fruit of the tree of life, the tree of knowledge (influences the fate of heroes, a symbol of the beginning of life, a symbol of prosperity).

But it also happens like this:

• apple - a symbol of temptation, the fall;

• apple - portends danger;

• The apple is the fruit of the tree of fate.

The study confirmed the hypothesis that the frequent occurrence of this image in myths, folk tales and even literary tales is not accidental. This symbol, rooted in the history of the people, is filled with the deepest philosophical and human meaning; it is a reflection of the worldview and culture of the people, their wisdom. It is no coincidence that the image of an apple is preserved in folk traditions and culture today.

« An apple a day - no need for a doctor» ( English proverb).

« The apple bush does not live empty» ( Russian proverb)

« The apple seed knows its time» ( Russian proverb).

The wonderful pouring apple from the distant kingdom, which is hidden not far and wide, but in our memory and soul, continues to give us life-giving juices that awaken imagination, curiosity... Well, that’s why it’s rejuvenating, that’s why it’s the fruit of the tree of knowledge...

• Bibliography