Dorokhov Ivan Semenovich
Lieutenant General
From the nobles

Has orders: Russian - St. George 3rd class, St. Vladimir 3rd class; foreign - Prussian Red Eagle.

Assigned to service in the Engineering Cadet Corps as a cadet on October 30, 1783; promoted to corporal February 26, 1787; sub-ensign September 12, 1787; released into the army as a lieutenant on October 15, 1787, and assigned to the Smolensk infantry regiment; transferred to the Little Russian Grenadier Regiment 1790 February 8; promoted to captain 1790 March 30; transferred: to the Phanagorian Grenadier Regiment on February 14, 1791, to the Chernigov Infantry Regiment on October 1792, October 13; promoted to major in the Voronezh Hussar Regiment on April 21, 1795; upon its disbandment, he was assigned to the Sumy Hussar Regiment on February 9, 1797; transferred to the Chorby Hussar Regiment on August 21, 1798; promoted to colonel on September 12, 1798, and assigned to the Life Hussar Regiment; renamed collegiate advisor; still renamed colonel on March 13, 1802, and assigned to the Sumy Hussar Regiment; promoted to major general on August 7, 1803, with appointment as chief of the Izyum Hussar Regiment.

The campaigns were: 1788 in Poland and Moldova; 1789 in battles against the Turks: June 27, during the capture of Focshan; September 11 at r. Rymnik; 1791 beyond the Danube; 1794 in Poland, April 6 and 7 in Warsaw, “during a riot, being under the command of Second Major Depreradovich and having one company of the Kiev Grenadier Regiment, with one cannon, he was detached against the rebel crowd, which, with its strong tenacity, He repelled it 4 times and finally, having lost all the gunners, he acted with a cannon; Noticing the enemy's confusion, he rushed with bayonets and repulsed the enemy's cannon; Having already been wounded twice himself, he held his post for 36 hours in constant fire, and then, having learned about the retreat of the main commander, General-in-Chief Baron Igelstrom, with the rest of his people he made his way through the rebels, united with the main forces and left Warsaw; upon recovery from his wounds, he received up to 200 people into the Don Cossack team, with whom he acted successfully, and then participated in the siege of Warsaw; September 29 at Maciewice, was sent with orders by Count Fersen to the most dangerous places; October 24 was during the storming of the city of Prague and when Major Zybin, who was going on an attack with the hunters of the Ekaterinoslav Jaeger Regiment, was killed, he, remaining the commander, despite the fierce resistance of the enemy, rushed himself to the battery and was the first with 4 Jaegers to jump on brust, for which he was awarded a gold badge to be worn in the buttonhole; 1805 was on a campaign in Austria; 1806 and 1807 in Prussia, in battles against the French: December 14 near Pułtusk; January 22 and 23, 1807, near Yankov; 25 - near the village of Gough, where he received a concussion in his left leg; For this campaign, his regiment was awarded silver trumpets with the inscription “for bravery”, with St. George’s crosses and ribbons; 1808 and 1809 was during the strengthening and defense of the shores of the Baltic Sea against the combined English and Swedish fleets.

Married; His wife is Anastasia Alexandrovna.

By the highest orders: October 31, 1812 promoted to lieutenant general; On May 9, 1815, he was removed from the lists of dead.

Formal list for 1811. (Book of Form Lists No. 2024.)

, Prague, Pultusk, Preussisch-Eylau, Friedland, Smolensk, Borodino, Maloyaroslavets

Awards and prizes

Foreign:

Ivan Semyonovich Dorokhov(- April 25 (May 7)) - Lieutenant General of the Russian Imperial Army, hero of the Patriotic War of 1812.

Biography

Born on April 14, 1762 (according to other sources, September 23, 1762) in Tula. From the small landed nobility. Father is a second major, a participant in the first Turkish war, who retired due to injury. After his father's death he was left an orphan.

From 1783 to 1787 was brought up in the St. Petersburg Artillery and Engineering Cadet Corps. He studied in the same class with the future Count A. A. Arakcheev and General S. V. Nepeitsyn.

Promoted to lieutenant in the Smolensk Infantry Regiment on October 15, 1787, he fought against the Turks from 1787 to 1791. He distinguished himself at Focsani, at Rymnik he was A.V. Suvorov’s orderly. For participation in this battle he was promoted to captain and transferred to the Phanagorian Grenadier Regiment. In the report on the victory at Rymnik, A.V. Suvorov especially noted “Lieutenant of the Smolensk Regiment Ivan Dorokhov, who, according to his knowledge, was especially needed by the Chief Quartermaster,” who was “zealous for service, agile and undaunted.”

After leaving Moscow, he led the vanguard cavalry (2nd and 3rd reserve cavalry corps), and on September 6-7 he defeated 4 regiments of French cavalry near the village of Znamensky. From September 9, he commanded a partisan detachment (consisting of the Elisavetgrad Hussars, Dragoons and three Cossack regiments with two mounted guns) and, successfully operating in the area of ​​the Mozhaisk road, caused a lot of harm to the French, exterminating their individual teams and capturing convoys. On September 15, he destroyed an entire enemy guards detachment of Colonel Mortier. The main success of Dorokhov’s partisan detachment was the capture of the city of Vereya, the most important point of enemy communications, on September 29. Dorokhov crossed Protva with his detachment at night and reached the city at 4 o’clock in the morning. Situated on a hill about 5 fathoms high, Vereya was surrounded by enemies with a rampart and palisade; its garrison consisted of a battalion of Westphalian troops. Dorokhov quietly, without firing a single shot, led his detachment to the fortification and suddenly attacked it with bayonets; The Russians removed the sentries and burst into the city, taking the garrison, which was carelessly sleeping, by surprise. After a brief resistance, the enemy surrendered. Dorokhov’s report to Kutuzov was brief: “By order of Your Lordship, the city of Vereya was taken by storm on this date.”. Kutuzov announced this “excellent and brave feat” in an order to the army. Later, Dorokhov was awarded a gold sword decorated with diamonds, with the inscription: “For the liberation of Vereya.” He was the first to discover and inform Kutuzov about the French movement towards Kaluga. Having then entered the command of D.S. Dokhturov, he took part in the battle of Maloyaroslavets, where he was wounded by a bullet in the leg, which is why he was forced to leave the army.

Awards

• Order of St. George, 3rd class. (1807)
• Order of St. Vladimir, 3rd class. (1807)
• Order of the Red Eagle (Prussia, 1807)
• Order of St. Anne 1st class. (1812)
• Order of St. Vladimir, 2nd class. (1813)

Family

He was married twice and had children:

1. wife Anastasia Aleksandrovna Sharapova
   • Alexandra Ivanovna(d. 1875), married to Alexander Efremovich Mukhin (d. 1861), writer and retired staff captain, son of the famous doctor E. O. Mukhin (1766-1850).
2. wife Evdokia Yakovlevna Markova, née Protasova(1781-1847), niece of the first wife of N. M. Karamzin.
   • Rufin Ivanovich(1801-1852), graduate of the Corps of Pages, participant in the Caucasian wars, friend of Pushkin and Lermontov, famous briter, prototype of Dolokhov in “War and Peace”; married to Maria Aleksandrovna Pleshcheeva (1811-1867), daughter of A. A. Pleshcheev.
   • Elizaveta Ivanovna(1803-1836), married to captain Prince Dmitry Petrovich Kropotkin (1800-1837). Ekaterina Ivanovna, in his first marriage to captain Fyodor Gerasimovich Baturin (1793-1825), in his second to Mikhail Fyodorovich Zagryazhsky, a well-known card player in Moscow, he was a wealthy man, but in his old age, having lost his entire fortune, he left his family in need.

Memory

The village of Dorokhovo in the Ruza district of the Moscow region, streets in Moscow and Podolsk are named in honor of I.S. Dorokhov. The saber of I. S. Dorokhov is depicted on the flag of the rural settlement of Dorokhovskoye.

In the city of Vereya, where he is buried, a monument was erected to mark the centenary of the Patriotic War. The monument was inaugurated in the presence of members of the imperial family on September 29, 1913 (old style). During the Civil War, on August 16, 1918, the crypt of the “tsarist general” was opened, looted, and then filled up by decision of a rally of Red Army soldiers leaving for the front. The remains of I. S. Dorokhov were taken out of the basement and thrown from a high slope above Protva. Local residents collected the remains scattered along the slope at night and secretly reburied them. At the same time, in 1918, the monument on the rampart was shelled and then demolished. Before the Great Patriotic War, the head of Karl Marx was installed on the pedestal, which was smashed in 1941 by the blast wave of an air bomb or shell. After the liberation of the city, a small pyramid with a star and an inscription was installed on an artificial rock, which turned out to be very strong "In memory of the Patriotic War of 1812 to Lieutenant General I.S. Dorokhov, who liberated the city of Vereya from the French on October 11, 1812." The monument to I.S. Dorokhov was erected again at the request of local residents in 1957. In 1999, during the restoration of the cathedral, the remains of the famous general were discovered and solemnly re-buried in the Cathedral of the Nativity of Christ.

The son of I. S. Dorokhov, Rufin Dorokhov (1801-1852), served in the training carabinery, Nizhny Novgorod dragoon and other regiments. Was a friend of M.Yu. Lermontov. For participation in duels and violent behavior, Rufin Dorokhov was repeatedly demoted to soldier. Some features of Rufin Dorokhov were reproduced by L.N. Tolstoy in the image of Dolokhov, one of the central characters in L.N. Tolstoy’s novel “War and Peace” (1863-1869).

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Notes

Literature

• // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron: in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - St. Petersburg. , 1890-1907.
• Russian Biographical Dictionary: In 25 volumes / under the supervision of A. A. Polovtsov. 1896-1918.
• Sytin's military encyclopedia. Volume 9. St. Petersburg, 1912
• // Russian archive: Sat. - M., studio "TRITE" N. Mikhalkov, 1996. - T. VII. - pp. 530-531.
• Glinka V.M. , Pomarnatsky A.V. Dorokhov, Ivan Semenovich // . - 3rd ed. - L.: Art, 1981. - P. 103-105.
• Dorokhov I.S., general (b. 1762, Tula - 1815) // Encyclopedic Dictionary: in 58 volumes / T-vo “Br. A. and N. Garnet and K.” - 7th ed., revised. - M., 1913. - T. 18: Darwin - Dorokhov. - Page 640.
• Dorokhov Ivan Semenovich: (b. 1762, Tula - 1815) // Russian biographical dictionary: in 25 volumes - St. Petersburg, 1905. - [T.]: Dabelov - Dyadkovsky. - pp. 598-600.
• Dorokhov Ivan Semenovich // Tula Biographical Dictionary: in 2 volumes - Tula, 1996. - T. 1: (A - L). - pp. 187-188.
• / V.I. Bot // Tula. - 2002. - April 27. - P.5.
• Kolpakidi A., Sever A. GRU special forces. - M.: Yauza, Eksmo, 2008. - P. 75-76. - 864 p. - ISBN 978-5-699-28983-7.

Links

Excerpt characterizing Dorokhov, Ivan Semyonovich

Arriving in St. Petersburg, Pierre did not notify anyone of his arrival, did not go anywhere, and began to spend whole days reading Thomas a à Kempis, a book that was delivered to him by an unknown person. Pierre understood one thing and one thing while reading this book; he understood the still unknown pleasure of believing in the possibility of achieving perfection and in the possibility of brotherly and active love between people, opened to him by Osip Alekseevich. A week after his arrival, the young Polish Count Villarsky, whom Pierre knew superficially from the St. Petersburg world, entered his room in the evening with the official and solemn air with which Dolokhov’s second entered his room and, closing the door behind him and making sure that there was no one in the room There was no one except Pierre, he turned to him:
“I came to you with an order and a proposal, Count,” he told him without sitting down. – A person very highly placed in our brotherhood petitioned for you to be accepted into the brotherhood ahead of schedule, and invited me to be your guarantor. I consider it a sacred duty to fulfill the will of this person. Would you like to join the brotherhood of free stonemasons on my guarantee?
The cold and stern tone of the man whom Pierre almost always saw at balls with an amiable smile, in the company of the most brilliant women, struck Pierre.
“Yes, I wish,” said Pierre.
Villarsky bowed his head. “One more question, Count,” he said, to which I ask you not as a future Freemason, but as an honest man (galant homme) to answer me with all sincerity: have you renounced your previous convictions, do you believe in God?
Pierre thought about it. “Yes... yes, I believe in God,” he said.
“In that case...” Villarsky began, but Pierre interrupted him. “Yes, I believe in God,” he said again.
“In that case, we can go,” said Villarsky. - My carriage is at your service.
Villarsky was silent the whole way. To Pierre's questions about what he needed to do and how to answer, Villarsky only said that brothers more worthy of him would test him, and that Pierre needed nothing more than to tell the truth.
Having entered the gate of a large house where the lodge was located, and walking along a dark staircase, they entered a lighted, small hallway, where, without the help of a servant, they took off their fur coats. From the hall they went into another room. Some man in a strange attire appeared at the door. Villarsky, coming out to meet him, said something quietly to him in French and went to a small closet, in which Pierre noticed clothes he had never seen before. Taking a handkerchief from the closet, Villarsky placed it over Pierre's eyes and tied it in a knot from behind, painfully catching his hair in the knot. Then he bent him towards him, kissed him and, taking him by the hand, led him somewhere. Pierre was in pain from the hair being pulled in by the knot; he winced in pain and smiled from shame for something. His huge figure with his arms hanging down, with a wrinkled and smiling face, moved with uncertain timid steps behind Villarsky.
After walking him ten steps, Villarsky stopped.
“No matter what happens to you,” he said, “you must endure everything with courage if you firmly decide to join our brotherhood.” (Pierre answered in the affirmative by bowing his head.) When you hear a knock on the door, you will untie your eyes,” Villarsky added; – I wish you courage and success. And, shaking Pierre’s hand, Villarsky left.
Left alone, Pierre continued to smile the same way. Once or twice he shrugged his shoulders, raised his hand to the handkerchief, as if wanting to take it off, and lowered it again. The five minutes he spent with his eyes tied seemed like an hour. His hands were swollen, his legs were giving way; he thought he was tired. He experienced the most complex and varied feelings. He was afraid of what would happen to him, and even more afraid of not showing fear. He was curious to know what would happen to him, what would be revealed to him; but most of all he was joyful that the moment had come when he would finally embark on that path of renewal and actively virtuous life, which he had dreamed of since his meeting with Osip Alekseevich. Strong knocks were heard on the door. Pierre took off the bandage and looked around him. The room was black and dark: only in one place was a lamp burning, in something white. Pierre came closer and saw that the lamp stood on a black table, on which lay one open book. The book was the Gospel; that white thing in which the lamp was burning was a human skull with its holes and teeth. Having read the first words of the Gospel: “In the beginning was the word and the word was to God,” Pierre walked around the table and saw a large open box filled with something. It was a coffin with bones. He was not at all surprised by what he saw. Hoping to enter into a completely new life, completely different from the previous one, he expected everything extraordinary, even more extraordinary than what he saw. The skull, the coffin, the Gospel - it seemed to him that he expected all this, expected even more. Trying to evoke a feeling of tenderness in himself, he looked around him. “God, death, love, brotherhood of people,” he said to himself, associating with these words vague but joyful ideas of something. The door opened and someone entered.
In the dim light, which Pierre had already managed to take a closer look at, a short man entered. Apparently entering the darkness from the light, this man stopped; then, with careful steps, he moved towards the table and placed his small hands, covered with leather gloves, on it.
This short man was dressed in a white leather apron that covered his chest and part of his legs, he had something like a necklace on his neck, and from behind the necklace protruded a tall, white frill that framed his elongated face, lit from below.
– Why did you come here? - asked the newcomer, following the rustle made by Pierre, turning in his direction. - Why do you, who do not believe in the truths of the light and do not see the light, why did you come here, what do you want from us? Wisdom, virtue, enlightenment?
At that moment the door opened and an unknown man entered, Pierre experienced a feeling of fear and reverence, similar to the one he experienced in confession as a child: he felt face to face with a complete stranger in terms of living conditions and with someone close to him, in the brotherhood of people, person. Pierre, with a breathless heartbeat, moved towards the rhetorician (that was the name in Freemasonry for the brother who prepares the seeker for entry into the brotherhood). Pierre, coming closer, recognized in the rhetorician a familiar person, Smolyaninov, but it was insulting to him to think that the person who entered was a familiar person: the person who entered was only a brother and a virtuous mentor. Pierre could not utter the words for a long time, so the rhetorician had to repeat his question.
“Yes, I... I... want an update,” Pierre said with difficulty.
“Okay,” said Smolyaninov, and immediately continued: “Do you have any idea about the means by which our holy order will help you achieve your goal?...” said the rhetorician calmly and quickly.
“I... hope... guidance... help... in renewal,” said Pierre with a trembling voice and difficulty in speaking, arising both from excitement and from the unfamiliarity of speaking in Russian about abstract subjects.
– What concept do you have about Freemasonry?
– I mean that Frank Freemasonry is a fraterienité [brotherhood]; and the equality of people with virtuous goals,” said Pierre, ashamed as he spoke of the inconsistency of his words with the solemnity of the moment. I mean…
“Okay,” the rhetorician said hastily, apparently quite satisfied with this answer. – Have you been looking for means to achieve your goal in religion?
“No, I considered it unfair and did not follow it,” Pierre said so quietly that the rhetorician did not hear him and asked what he was saying. “I was an atheist,” answered Pierre.
– You are looking for truth in order to follow its laws in life; therefore, you are seeking wisdom and virtue, are you not? - said the rhetorician after a minute of silence.
“Yes, yes,” Pierre confirmed.
The rhetorician cleared his throat, folded his gloved hands on his chest and began to speak:
“Now I must reveal to you the main goal of our order,” he said, “and if this goal coincides with yours, then you will benefit from joining our brotherhood.” The first most important goal and overall foundation of our order, on which it is established, and which no human power can overthrow, is the preservation and transmission to posterity of some important sacrament... from the most ancient centuries and even from the first man who came down to us, from whom the sacraments can perhaps, the fate of the human race depends. But since this sacrament is of such a nature that no one can know it or use it unless one has prepared oneself through long-term and diligent purification, not everyone can hope to find it soon. Therefore, we have a second goal, which is to prepare our members as much as possible, correct their hearts, purify and enlighten their minds with those means that have been revealed to us by tradition from men who have labored in seeking this sacrament, and thereby make them capable of the perception of it. By purifying and correcting our members, we try, thirdly, to correct the entire human race, offering it in our members an example of piety and virtue, and thereby trying with all our might to resist the evil that reigns in the world. Think about this, and I will come to you again,” he said and left the room.
“To resist the evil that reigns in the world...” Pierre repeated, and he imagined his future activities in this field. He imagined the same people as he himself was two weeks ago, and he mentally addressed them with an instructive and mentoring speech. He imagined vicious and unhappy people whom he helped in word and deed; imagined the oppressors from whom he saved their victims. Of the three goals named by the rhetorician, this last one - the correction of the human race - was especially close to Pierre. Some important sacrament mentioned by the rhetorician, although it incited his curiosity, did not seem significant to him; and the second goal, cleansing and correcting himself, occupied him little, because at that moment he felt with pleasure that he was already completely corrected from his previous vices and ready for only one good thing.
Half an hour later, the rhetorician returned to convey to the seeker those seven virtues corresponding to the seven steps of the Temple of Solomon, which every Mason had to cultivate in himself. These virtues were: 1) modesty, respect for the secrets of the order, 2) obedience to the highest ranks of the order, 3) good morals, 4) love of humanity, 5) courage, 6) generosity and 7) love of death.
“Seventhly, try,” said the rhetorician, “by frequently thinking about death to bring yourself to the point that it no longer seems to you a terrible enemy, but a friend... who frees the languishing soul from this miserable life in the works of virtue, to introduce it to a place of reward and calm.
“Yes, this must be so,” thought Pierre, when after these words the rhetorician left him again, leaving him to solitary reflection. “This should be so, but I am still so weak that I love my life, the meaning of which is only now gradually revealed to me.” But the other five virtues, which Pierre remembered as he ran through his fingers, he felt in his soul: courage, generosity, kindness, love for humanity, and especially obedience, which did not even seem to him a virtue, but happiness. (He was so happy now to get rid of his arbitrariness and subordinate his will to those and those who knew the undoubted truth.) Pierre forgot the seventh virtue and could not remember it.
The third time, the rhetorician returned quickly and asked Pierre if he was still firm in his intention, and whether he dared to subject himself to everything that was required of him.
“I’m ready for anything,” said Pierre.
“I must also tell you,” said the rhetorician, “that our order teaches its teaching not only in words, but by other means, which, perhaps, have a stronger effect on the true seeker of wisdom and virtue than verbal explanations alone.” This temple, with its decoration, which you see, should have already explained to your heart, if it is sincere, more than words; You will see, perhaps, with your further acceptance, a similar image of explanation. Our Order imitates ancient societies that revealed their teachings in hieroglyphs. A hieroglyph, said the rhetorician, is the name of some thing not subject to feelings, which contains qualities similar to the one depicted.
Pierre knew very well what a hieroglyph was, but did not dare to speak. He listened silently to the rhetorician, feeling from everything that the tests would begin immediately.
“If you are firm, then I must begin to introduce you,” said the rhetorician, approaching Pierre closer. “As a sign of generosity, I ask you to give me all your precious things.”
“But I have nothing with me,” said Pierre, who believed that they were demanding that he give up everything he had.
– What you have on: watches, money, rings...
Pierre hastily took out his wallet and watch, and for a long time could not remove the wedding ring from his fat finger. When this was done, the Mason said:
– As a sign of obedience, I ask you to undress. - Pierre took off his tailcoat, vest and left boot as directed by the rhetorician. The Mason opened the shirt on his left chest, and, bending down, lifted his trouser leg on his left leg above the knee. Pierre hastily wanted to take off his right boot and roll up his trousers in order to save a stranger from this labor, but the Mason told him that this was not necessary - and handed him a shoe on his left foot. With a childish smile of modesty, doubt and self-mockery, which appeared on his face against his will, Pierre stood with his arms down and legs apart in front of his brother the rhetorician, awaiting his new orders.
“And finally, as a sign of sincerity, I ask you to reveal to me your main passion,” he said.
- My passion! I had so many,” Pierre said.
“That passion which, more than any other, made you hesitate on the path of virtue,” said the Mason.
Pierre paused, searching.
"Wine? Consolidation? Idleness? Laziness? Hotness? Anger? Women?" He went over his vices, mentally weighing them and not knowing which one to give priority to.

Biography

DOROKHOV Ivan Semyonovich, lieutenant general (1812).

After graduating from the Artillery and Engineering Cadet Corps in 1787, he was released as a lieutenant in the Smolensk Infantry Regiment. He took part in the Russian-Turkish War of 1787-1791, distinguished himself in the battles of Maximeni, the battles of Focsani and Rymnik. For distinction, he was promoted to captain and transferred to the Phanagorian Grenadier Regiment. Then he took part in the battle of Machin, where he captured one of the fortifications.

In Oct. 1792 transferred to the Chernigov Infantry Regiment. During the uprising of the Polish Confederates in April. 1794 showed personal courage and bravery: having with him a company of grenadiers with a cannon, he withstood enemy attacks for 36 hours, and then fought his way out of encirclement to join the main Russian forces. Promoted to sec.-major for this feat, he continued to serve in the cavalry: from April. 1795 in the Voronezh Hussars, and from Apr. 1797 - in the Sumy Hussar Regiment.

On Sept. 1797 promoted to colonel with appointment to the Life Guards. Hussar regiment, but retired in 1798. After the accession of Emperor Alexander I to the throne, he returned to military service and was appointed commander of the Sumy Hussar Regiment.

In Aug. 1803 promoted to major general with appointment as chief of the Izyum Hussar Regiment. Participant in the Russian-Prussian-French War of 1806 -1807, distinguished himself in the battles of Charnov and Pułtusk. Then he was in the battles of Preussisch-Eylau and Friedland.

During the Russian-Swedish War of 1808-1809 he defended the shores of the Baltic Sea. At the beginning of the Patriotic War of 1812 he commanded the rearguard of the 4th Infantry Corps of the 1st Western Army. Being cut off from the main forces, he managed, avoiding meetings with the French, to withdraw his detachment from the encirclement almost without losses and connect with the 2nd Western Army. Since August, he was the chief of the rearguard cavalry of the united Russian armies, participated in the battles at Molev Bolot, distinguished himself near Lubin, where he was wounded.

In the Battle of Borodino, he led the attack of four cavalry regiments near the village of Semenovskoye, which delayed the enemy’s advance, then participated in the cavalry battles for the Kurgan Battery. For distinction he was awarded the rank of lieutenant general. After leaving Moscow, he led a large partisan detachment (Elisavetgrad Hussars, Life Dragoons and three Cossack regiments with 2 guns), operating along the Moscow road.

In September, as a result of an unexpected attack, he recaptured the city of Vereya, the enemy’s most important communications center, from the enemy, and turned the city into a stronghold for partisan operations. Then, by order of M.I. Kutuzov, monitored the movement of the French along the Kaluga and Smolensk roads, and guarded the left wing of the army. Thanks to well-organized reconnaissance, he was the first to notify the commander-in-chief of the beginning of the withdrawal of French troops from Moscow. In the battle of Maloyaroslavets he was seriously wounded and was forced to leave military service. At his request, he was buried in the Nativity Cathedral in Vereya.

Awarded the following orders: Russian - St. Vladimir 2nd and 3rd class, St. Anna 1st class, St. George 3rd class; Prussian - Red Eagle; a golden cross for the capture of Prague, a golden weapon with diamonds “for the liberation of Vereya.”

100 great heroes of 1812 [with illustrations] Shishov Alexey Vasilievich

Lieutenant General Dorokhov Ivan Semenovich (1762–1815)

Lieutenant General Dorokhov Ivan Semenovich

One of the most popular heroes of the Patriotic War of 1812 for that era decided late to become a military man. He entered the Artillery and Engineering Cadet Corps when he was already over 20 years old. Studying was easy for cadet Ivan Dorokhov, and he completed the course in four years instead of seven years. In 1787, he was released from the corps as a lieutenant in the Smolensk infantry regiment, which fought in the south.

He received his baptism of fire during the “Second Catherine’s Turkish War.” In the very first battles with the Ottomans, the lieutenant flashed with courage and initiative, and General A.V. Suvorov took him as his adjutant. Dorokhov distinguished himself in the battles of Rymnik and Focsani, being “continuously on fire.” For distinction in 1790 he was promoted to captain.

Under Suvorov's banners, he had the opportunity to distinguish himself in the Polish campaign of 1794. On April 6 and 7 in Warsaw, Dorokhov’s detachment (a company of grenadiers and one cannon) found itself surrounded by rebels. The grenadiers repelled four attacks, and when the last gunner fell, the officer himself stood at the gun. Ivan Dorokhov and his soldiers held out for 36 hours, led people into bayonet attacks, recaptured a cannon from the Poles, and was wounded twice. And with the remnants of the company he managed to make his way out of the city to the location of the Russian troops who had retreated from the Polish capital.

I.S. Dorokhov. Artist J. Doe

After recovering from his wounds, he became the commander of a Cossack detachment of 200 cavalry. He acted successfully during the blockade of Warsaw. For his participation in the assault on a fortified suburb of the capital of Poland, Prague, he was awarded the Golden Cross of Prague, equivalent to the St. George's Award.

Four years later I.S. Dorokhov is already a colonel and commander of the Life Hussar Regiment. However, the wounds he received forced him to resign. He returned to the army in 1802, becoming the commander of the Sumy Hussar Regiment. A year later, he complained to major general and was appointed chief of the Izyum Hussar Regiment, with which he took part in the Russian-Prussian-French War on the soil of East Prussia.

Dorokhov and his hussars take part in numerous vanguard and rearguard actions, distinguishing themselves in the battles of Preussisch-Eylau and Friedland. The regimental chief demonstrates enviable composure and courage, the ability to make the right decisions in the most difficult situations.

Major General I.S. Dorokhov, an “exemplary” cavalry commander, was awarded three military orders in that war - St. George of the 4th and 3rd degrees, St. Vladimir of the 3rd degree. In one of the battles with the French he received a severe concussion in his left leg. The Izyum Hussar Regiment was awarded silver Trumpets of St. George for the 1807 campaign.

The war had barely ended when the combined British and Swedish fleet began to threaten the Baltic coast of Russia. Dorokhov in 1808 and 1809 participated in the strengthening and protection of the Baltic coast.

Dorokhov met the invasion of Napoleonic Grande Armée as commander of a light cavalry brigade of the 2nd Cavalry Division of the 4th Infantry Corps, which was part of the 1st Western Army. When Barclay de Tolly's troops began to retreat from the state border, his vanguard under the command of Dorokhov found himself cut off from the main forces.

However, the French failed to defeat him: the vanguard, skillfully maneuvering, emerged from encirclement two weeks later to the main forces of the retreating army. Dorokhov managed to save all the artillery and convoy, losing only 60 people in the skirmishes, inflicting significantly more losses on the enemy.

During the Battle of Smolensk he was wounded, but remained in service. When the army retreated to the Mozhaisk direction, he skillfully commanded the rearguard cavalry, almost daily participating in clashes with his pursuers.

Dorokhov became one of the main characters in the Battle of Borodino. According to I.S. Dorokhov for an award (received the rank of lieutenant general) in the words of M.I. Golenishchev-Kutuzov said:

“Having overcome the illness with which he was obsessed, he personally commanded his brigade of light cavalry, attacked and pursued the enemy cuirassiers who broke through the 2nd Army and galloped into the rear of the infantry of the 4th and 6th corps, and after that on the same day he hit the enemy a lot.” .

When the Russian army began to retreat along the Mozhaisk road towards Moscow, Dorokhov did not leave the ranks of the rearguard, which managed to reliably cover the retreat. After leaving the capital of Russia, Ivan Semenovich received command of a large army partisan detachment. It consisted of a dragoon, hussar and three Cossack regiments, half a company of horse artillery. We had to act completely independently on the Mozhaisk road, conducting reconnaissance and attacking enemy communications. The enemy's "parties" and food supplies were destroyed.

As a result of the actions of the partisan detachment of Lieutenant General I.S. Dorokhov, movement along the Mozhaisk road became possible for the French only in large “parties”. In fact, he did not command a partisan detachment, but a combination of heterogeneous forces. And at the same time he acted decisively, like Suvorov.

During the period from September 7 to September 14 (in just one week), the Dorokhovites inflicted a number of sensitive blows on Napoleon’s troops. Four regiments of cavalry, a detachment of infantry and cavalry of 800 people were defeated, several convoys were captured, an artillery warehouse was blown up and 48 officers and one and a half thousand lower ranks were captured.

Dorokhov’s most glorious deed in the “thunderstorm of the year 12” was the capture of the ancient city of Vereya near Moscow. He and his squad quietly approached him at dawn. After the sentries were removed, the partisans broke into Vereya, managing to knock out the French in half an hour, stunned by the sudden attack of the Russians. Rich spoils were taken.

September 29 I.S. Dorokhov reported to Commander-in-Chief M.I. Golenishchev-Kutuzov about the victory: “As a result of the command of Your Lordship, the city of Vereya was cleared of the enemy and its fortifications were taken by storm at 5 o’clock in the morning...” The reward for this feat to Ivan Semenovich was a sword decorated with diamonds, with the inscription “For the liberation of Vereya.”

The fierce battle for the city of Maloyaroslavets was the last in the military biography of the St. George Knight, Lieutenant General I.S. Dorokhov: he received a new serious wound (from a bullet right through) and never returned to duty. The wound turned out to be severe and incurable.

The hero of the Patriotic War died in the city of Tula, just one day short of his 50th birthday. According to the will he left, he was buried in the Verei Nativity Cathedral. A monument was erected to him in the central square of the city.

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"I want everything..."

Ivan Semenovich DOROKHOV
(1762 - 1815)

Ivan Semenovich Dorokhov was born on September 23, 1762 in the family of a retired second major. Ivan Dorokhov entered the army service quite late for that time - at the age of 21, already a mature young man (his peers at that age were already lieutenants, or even captains). Ivan had just become a cadet and began receiving special military education in the Artillery and Engineering Gentry Corps. Teaching was easy for a mature young man, and he completed the full course of study in four years instead of the required seven. For his success in science, cadet Dorokhov was promoted to corporal and ensign and released from the corps in 1787 as a lieutenant in the Smolensk infantry regiment, which was part of the corps of A.V. Suvorov, which fought against the Turks.

Commanding hunters near Brailov, Lieutenant Dorokhov participated several times in skirmishes with the enemy, distinguished himself during the capture of the fortified monastery of St. Samuel near Focsani, which attracted the attention of G. A. Potemkin and A. V. Suvorov. In the battle of Rymnik, Dorokhov was Suvorov’s adjutant on duty, transmitting his orders to the troops under enemy bullets and cannonballs. At the suggestion of Suvorov, Dorokhov was promoted to captain in 1790 and appointed commander of a company of the Phanagorian Grenadier Regiment. The following year, Ivan Dorokhov again distinguished himself in the Battle of Machin, capturing one of the most important enemy fortifications.
In 1792, Dorokhov was transferred to the Chernigov regiment, in which the captain took part in the Polish campaign of 1794. During the riot that broke out in Warsaw, Captain Dorokhov's grenadier company, supported by 1 cannon, was surrounded by crowds of rebels. After four repulsed attacks, the Russians lost all their gunners, and then Ivan Dorokhov himself stood up to the gun. Then, taking advantage of the enemy's confusion, the captain led the grenadier in a bayonet attack and captured a cannon from the rebels. For 36 hours, Captain Dorokhov, with the help of grenadier fire and two guns, held his position against the superior forces of the Poles, during which time he was wounded twice, but still made his way with the remnants of his people to the main forces.
Having healed his wounds, Dorokhov led a detachment of Don Cossacks, with whom he took part in the siege of Warsaw. During the assault on Prague, a suburb of Warsaw, he was among the first to break into the enemy battery. For the capture of Prague, Dorokhov was awarded the 4th degree St. George Cross and promoted to second major.
In 1795, at his personal request, Dorokhov transferred to the cavalry - to the Voronezh Hussar Regiment, and upon its disbandment - to the Sumy Hussar Regiment. Two years later, he became the commander of the Life Guards Hussar Regiment with promotion to colonel, but soon due to old wounds that opened, Dorokhov was forced to resign.
Having recovered, Ivan Semenovich again entered service in 1802, now as the commander of the Sumy Hussar Regiment; the following year, Dorokhov was promoted to major general and appointed chief of the Izyum Hussar Regiment. Remaining in this honorable position until the end of his life, Dorokhov turned his sponsored regiment into one of the best regiments of the Russian army.

Marching uniform of the Izyum Hussar Regiment

In the campaigns against France in 1806 - 1807. General I. S. Dorokhov commanded separate rearguard and vanguard detachments. In the battles of Pultusk, Preussisch-Eylau and Friedland, he proved himself to be a talented military leader, a cold-blooded, brave warrior and a dashing cavalry general. For military services he was awarded the Order of St. George, 3rd degree, Order of St. Vladimir 3rd degree and the Prussian Order of the Red Eagle 1st degree. In one of the skirmishes near Gough I.S. Dorokhov was seriously wounded, receiving a contusion in his left leg. The Izyum Hussar Regiment, headed by Dorokhov, received St. George's silver trumpets for this campaign.
In 1808 and 1809 Dorokhov participated in strengthening and protecting the shores of the Baltic Sea from joint actions of the Swedish and English fleets. At the beginning of the Patriotic War of 1812, Major General I. S. Dorokhov commanded a light cavalry brigade of the 2nd Cavalry Division of the 4th Infantry Corps in the army of Barclay de Tolly. When retreating from the western border, the vanguard of the army, led by I. S. Dorokhov and consisting of the Izyum Hussars, the 1st and 18th Jaegers, two Cossack regiments and a company of light artillery, found itself cut off from the main forces. There was no hope of linking up with the main forces, and then General Dorokhov, on his own initiative, decided to link up with Bagration’s 2nd Army. Skillfully maneuvering and destroying enemy reserves along the way, I.S. Dorokhov went to join the 2nd Army and after two weeks of a difficult raid, he actually led his detachment out of encirclement behind enemy lines, retaining all the guns and convoys and losing only about 60 people in skirmishes. As part of Bagration's army, Dorokhov traveled all the way to Moscow, participating in the battles of Smolensk and Borodino. Right up to Borodino, he commanded the rearguard cavalry, participating almost daily in battles with the French vanguard. Had one of the hottest cases at the Kolotsky Monastery; in the battle near Lubin, Ivan Semenovich was wounded in the left arm, but remained in service. During the Battle of Borodino, General Dorokhov personally led the attack of four cavalry regiments near the village of Semenovskaya; This timely raid by Dorokhov helped Bagration stop the enemy’s advance. For his distinction at Borodino, Ivan Semenovich was promoted to lieutenant general. M.I. Kutuzov’s submission for I.S. Dorokhov’s award said: “Having overcome the illness with which he was obsessed, he personally commanded his light cavalry brigade, attacked and pursued the enemy cuirassiers who had broken through the 2nd Army and galloped to the rear of the infantry of the 4th and the 6th Corps and after that on the same day hit the enemy a lot.”
During the movement from Borodino to Moscow, Dorokhov was constantly in the rearguard, covering the retreat of the Russian army. After leaving Moscow, Kutuzov assigned Dorokhov a dragoon, a hussar and three Cossack regiments with half a company of horse artillery for partisan operations. Having begun active reconnaissance on the Mozhaisk road, carrying out attacks and destroying enemy “parties” and food supplies, Dorokhov’s partisan formation inflicted a number of sensitive blows on the French from September 7 to 14. Dorokhov's partisan detachment defeated four cavalry regiments and a detachment of 800 infantry and cavalry men, captured several convoys, blew up an artillery warehouse and captured 1.5 thousand soldiers and 48 officers.

Izyum Hussars on the attack

One of the most famous operations of Ivan Dorokhov was the capture of the ancient fortress town of Vereya near Moscow. Secretly approaching the city at dawn and silently removing the sentries, Dorokhov's detachment broke into Vereya. Half an hour later the enemy's resistance was broken. Having captured rich trophies, Ivan Semenovich reported to Kutuzov on September 29: “As a result of the command of Your Lordship, the city of Vereya was cleared of the enemy and its fortifications were stormed at 5 1/2 o’clock in the morning...”. M.I. Kutuzov announced this “excellent and brave feat of the detachment of Major General Dorokhov” in an army order, and Ivan Semenovich himself was awarded a golden saber decorated with diamonds, with the inscription “For the liberation of Vereya.”
After the capture of Vereya, Kutuzov entrusted Dorokhov with an important task: positioning himself with a detachment on the New Kaluga Road, observing the movement of the enemy and protecting the left wing of the army. Capturing prisoners daily, Dorokhov promptly reported on all movements of French troops along the Smolensk and Kaluga roads. It was he who discovered Napoleon's movement towards Maloyaroslavets and was one of the first to engage in battle with his vanguard. In the battle of Maloyaroslavets, Dorokhov was wounded again: a bullet shattered the heel of his left foot. The wound he received turned out to be both very painful and incurable, so Ivan Semenovich never returned to duty.
Anticipating his death, Ivan Semenovich turned to the residents of Vereya with a request to bury him in the city that he liberated from the French. “If you,” he wrote to the residents of Vereya, “have heard about General Dorokhov, who liberated your city from the enemies of our Fatherland, then I ask you in reward for that, respectable citizens, to give me three arshins of land for my eternal rest at that church, where I stormed the enemy’s fortifications, completely destroying them. My children will be grateful to you for that.”
Military general Ivan Semenovich Dorokhov died on April 25, 1815 in Tula; his body was transported to Vereya for burial in the city's Nativity Cathedral.
In 1912, on the centenary of the Patriotic War, residents of Vereya erected a monument to General Dorokhov next to the cathedral. During the civil war, the crypt of the “tsarist general” was opened by the Red Army soldiers and destroyed, and then filled up. In 1999, during the restoration of the cathedral, the remains of the famous general were discovered and solemnly re-buried in the Cathedral of the Nativity of Christ. The monument to Dorokhov, which now stands on the Kremlin earthen rampart, was also restored from old photographs.